Module 7 ErupTION

PRETEST

1. TSUNAMI
2. LAHAR
3. VOLCANIC GASES
4. ASHFALL
5. LAVA FLOW

LOOKING BACK

1. TSUNAMI
2. DUCK COVER HOLD
3. LANDSLIDE INDUCE EARTHQUAKE
4. EARTHQUAKE DRILL
5. ALARM

ACTIVITY 2:

V – VOLCANIC PREPAREDNESS MUST BE

O – OBSERVE AND PREPARE EMERGENCY SUPPLIES AND PLAN

L – LISTEN FOR DISASTER SIRENS AND WARNING SIGNALS

C – COVERS OF THE MOUTH AND SKIN IS A MUST

A – AREAS WITH POSSIBLE LAHAR FLOW MUST BE AVOIDED

N – NOTICE OF EVACUATION MUST BE FOLLOW

O – OBTAIN SAFETY NOTICE BEFORE RETURNING HOME

PREPAREDNESS PLAN

PREPARATION

 Know where the active volcanoes are in your area and how close you are to them.
 Obtain proper respiratory protection such as an air purifying respirator, also referred to as an N-
95 disposable respirator.
 If there are disaster warning sirens in your area be aware of what they sound like. When a
volcanic eruption occurs, you'll want and need to listen for them.
 Create an emergency evacuation plan with your family. Review it often so that each person
knows what to do, how to find each another if you're apart, and how to contact neighbors
and/or emergency services if you cannot get away from the property using your own
transportation. (Take into account anyone with functional and/or access needs, children, pets,
and livestock. Know how to turn off all utilities.)
  Create an emergency kit for your car including maps, tools, a first aid kit, a fire extinguisher,
flares, additional non-perishable food, booster cables, sleeping bags and/or emergency blankets,
and a flashlight.

PREPARING TO EVACUATE

 Tune in the radio or television for volcano updates.

 Listen for disaster sirens and warning signals.

 Review your emergency plan and gather your emergency supplies. Be sure to pack at least a 1-
week supply of prescription medications.

 Prepare an emergency kit for your vehicle with food, flares, booster cables, maps, tools, a first
aid kit, a fire extinguisher, sleeping bags, a flashlight, batteries, etc.

 Fill your vehicle’s gas tank.

 If no vehicle is available, make arrangements with friends or family for transportation, or follow
authorities’ instructions on where to obtain transportation.

 Place vehicles under cover, if at all possible.

 Put livestock in an enclosed area. Plan ahead to take pets with you, but be aware that many
emergency shelters cannot accept animals.

 Fill your clean water containers.

 Fill sinks and bathtubs with water as an extra supply for washing.

 Adjust the thermostat on refrigerators and freezers to the coolest possible temperature. If the
power goes out, food will stay cooler longer.

As you evacuate

 Take only essential items with you, including at least a 1-week supply of prescription
medications.

 If you have time, turn off the gas, electricity, and water.

 Disconnect appliances to reduce the likelihood of electrical shock when power is restored.

 Make sure your automobile’s emergency kit is ready.

 Follow designated evacuation routes—others may be blocked—and expect heavy traffic and
delays.
ACTIVITY 3:

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

 Volcanoes can be classified into two:

Active and extinct. If a volcano has erupted at least once in the previous ten thousand years, it is
considered active. Volcanoes that haven't erupted in at least ten thousand years and aren't
likely to do so again are classified as extinct.
 Active Volcanoes can be classified into its activity:
Erupting and dormant. Volcanoes that have erupted repeatedly in the last ten thousand years
are referred to as erupting volcanoes, whereas dormant volcanoes are those that have not
erupted in the last ten thousand years but are expected to do so in the future.
 Volcanoes are classified according to shape:
Composite or strato, monogenetic cones, shield, calderas, and dome. Composite volcanoes, also
known as stratovolcanoes, are produced by layers of ash and lava flows that run steeply down
the sides of their cones. These volcanoes' eruptions may be pyroclastic flows, which discharge
an explosive thick, highly viscous lava instead of flow of lava, posing a hazard to local life and
property. Monogenetic cones are also called tuff, cinder cones, or Maars that are low and
symmetrical in nature composed of cinder (scoria), tuff (ash), silica or basaltic magma pertaining
to large crater volcanoes. Shield volcanoes are produced by layers of lava with low sloping
edges, with frequent but non-explosive eruptions that produce a fast-moving fluid that can flow
for kilometers. Although these eruptions harm property, they seldom result in human death or
injury. Calderas are huge craters that resemble a cauldron and are generated by very explosive
eruptions of volcanoes during times of dormancy, and are connected with high-silica or rhyolitic
magma. Shield volcanoes produce heavier lava flows, which generate dome volcanoes.
 Volcanoes are
Openings, or vents where lava, tephra (small rocks), and steam erupt on to the Earth's surface. It
is an opening on the crust of the Earth.
 Volcanic-related hazards are the following:
Lahar, ash fall, pyroclastic flow/ tephra, ballistic projectiles, volcanic gases and lava flows. Lahar
is a damaging mudflow on the slopes that contains ash, breccias, and boulders, as well as heavy
rains, river, or lake water displaced by the lava flow at the same time as the eruption. Ash falls
are ash particles discharged into the air from a mixture of rock, mineral, and glass particles,
which can cause roofs to collapse, crops to be destroyed, and a variety of respiratory ailments.
Pyroclastic flow/tephra is a thick, very viscous lava that produces fire along its course and moves
at a high speed of roughly 700 km/h (450 mph) out from the volcano, covering pavements and
other escape routes. Ballistic projectiles are ejected rock formations that travel like cannonballs
roughly 2-5 kilometers out from the volcano. Volcanic gases, such as hydrogen sulphide (H25)
and sulphur dioxide (SO2), which cause acid rain, and deadly carbon dioxide, are released gases
during volcanic eruptions (CO2). Lava flows are molten rocks that flow down the volcano's slope.
 Signs of impending volcanic eruptions are:
Rumbling sounds, increased temperature, withering of plants, continuous emissions of steams,
strange behavior of animals and frequent earthquake are impending signs of volcanic eruptions.
 I can protect myself in volcanic eruption,
Before:
 1. Evacuate immediately if living or are staying within the radius of affected areas. Long
before the explosion, affected areas would have been given a warning to evacuate the
premises by local government units.
2. Staying tuned to national news and local community’s channels to be on top of the
situation and stay informed with local safety plans and evacuation areas. Whether it’s
through local radio, TV news, or official social channels of news outlets, making sure that
I’m getting reliable information from trusted sources and not potentially dangerous
misinformation from hoax accounts.
3. Charging my electronics. Keep my mobile devices and power banks charged in case of
power interruptions.
4. Know disaster hotlines and other emergency hotlines.
5. Prepare a go-bag in case of evacuation.

During:

1. Use an N95 dust mask to protect myself from pulmo-respiratory injuries and diseases. If
these are unavailable, use a damp handkerchief or makeshift one from an old t-shirt.

2. Protect my skin and eyes with proper clothing and glasses or goggles.

3. Secure pets inside home. Fine, volcanic ash is harmful for them too.

4. If outside, seek cover immediately in case of rock or ash falls. 

5. If inside, stay tuned to the news to keep informed of recent developments. Close all
doors and windows. Dampen curtains to keep fine particles from coming through.

6. If driving a vehicle, pull over and stop if there is a heavy ashfall. 

7. Cover food and water containers to avoid contamination with ash.

8. Wash all utensils thoroughly before eating. Fine ash particles may have settled on them.

9. Stay away from rivers or streams to avoid lahar flow.

After:
1. Do not leave your home or indoor shelters until notified by the local government that it
is safe to do so. Evacuate to safer grounds only when notified.
2. Keep a watchful eye on your kids or loved ones who may be tempted to go out to see
what’s going on outside.
3. Wear protection. Use masks, glasses/goggles, long sleeves, pants, and shoes when
clearing out ash to protect your lungs, skin and eyes.
4. Clean your gutters and roof with water after clearing out the ash to prevent corrosion.
5. Wait for further announcements from LGUs or national news related to the volcanic
eruption.

POST TEST

1. b. It is a destructive mudflow on the slopes which contains ash, breccias, and rocks mixed with
heavy rains, river, or lake water displaced by the lava flow simultaneous with eruption.
2. f. Volcanoes which is low and symmetrical in nature and composed of cinder (scoria), tuff (ash),
silica or basaltic magma which is associated with large crater volcanoes.
3. e. This is an explosive thick, highly viscous lava that creates fire along its path with a very fast
speed movement of about 700 km/h or 450 mph away from the volcano.
4. a. It is a large cauldron like crater formed by highly explosive eruptions of volcanoes in periods
of dormancy.
5. c. This are volcanoes that is not erupting but presumed to erupt again.