PRE-TEST

Directions: Choose the letter of the best

answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. What map highlights areas that are affected

by or are vulnerable to a particular disaster?
a. Archeological Map c. Hazard Map
b. Global Map d. Wind Map
PRE-TEST
2. If you are under a volcano warning, which
of the following is NOT best to do?
A. Protect yourself from falling ash.
B. Follow evacuation or shelter orders.
C. Just stay home to protect your properties.
D. Listen for emergency information and
alerts.
PRE-TEST
3. What hazard is associated with
potential earthquakes in a particular
area?
A. Allergens
B. Quasi-natural Hazard
C. Man-made Hazard
D. Seismic Hazard
PRE-TEST
4. What is the significance of
studying the various signs of
approaching volcanic eruption?
A. To acquire knowledge
B. To promote safety
C. To be well-informed
D. To acquire skills
PRE-TEST
5. Which among the following is
the LEAST use of a hazard map?
A. Mitigation plans
B. emergency response
C. Planning purposes
D. Public aid guidelines
PRE-TEST
6. What do you a volcano that has not
erupted for a long time but is
expected to erupt again in the
future?
A. Active volcano
B. Extinct Volcano
C. Dormant Volcano
D. Hazardous Volcano
PRE-TEST
7. What is the HIGHEST volcanic alert
level in the Philippines?
A. 0
B. 5
C. 3
D. 7
PRE-TEST
8. Which of the following is an ACTIVE
volcano?
A. Mount Arayat
B. Mount Makiling
C. Mount Banahaw
D. Mount Pinatubo
PRE-TEST
9. Which among the following
volcanoes is the MOST Active?
A. Mount Bulusan
B. Mayon Volcano
C. Mount Kanlaon
D. Taal in Volcano
PRE-TEST
10. What is the name of the volcanic
authority in the Philippines?
A. NDRRMC
B. PhilREDcross
C. PAGASA
D. PHIVOLCS
ANSWERS KEY
1. C 6. B
2. C 7. C
3. D 8. D
4. D 9. C
5. D 10. D
DRILL
 WHAT IS THE
LARGEST
VOLCANO IN THE
PHILIPPINES?
MT. APO
 WHAT IS THE
MOST PERFECT
VOLCANO SHAPE
IN THE WORLD?
MT. MAYON
 WHAT IS THE
SMALLEST
VOLCANO IN THE
PHILIPPINES?
MT. TAAL
 WHAT IS THE
SMALLEST
VOLCANO IN THE
WORLD?
 MT.
CUEXCOMATE
 WHAT IS THE
MOST TALLEST
VOLCANO IN THE
WORLD?
MT. MAUNA LOA
 Directions: Study carefully the
picture below, and then think the
possible hazards that happened on
this natural phenomenon.
 Source: Taal Volcano Eruption 2020, Actual Footage retrieved
from https://i.ytimg.com/vi/ykFtlCqjR8A/maxres default.jpg

1. What are the possible hazards

that happened on this volcanic
eruption?
 Source: Taal Volcano Eruption 2020, Actual Footage retrieved
from https://i.ytimg.com/vi/ykFtlCqjR8A/maxres default.jpg

2. Describe each possible hazard

in this event.
 Source: Taal Volcano Eruption 2020, Actual Footage retrieved
from https://i.ytimg.com/vi/ykFtlCqjR8A/maxres default.jpg

3. Are there negative effects on this

natural phenomenon to human, animals,
and environment? If yes, then explain.
 Source: Taal Volcano Eruption 2020, Actual Footage retrieved
from https://i.ytimg.com/vi/ykFtlCqjR8A/maxres default.jpg

4. How would you mitigate the negative

effect of volcanic hazards?
Volcano Hazards

Jelo Hagos
 Learning Competencies
1. Explain various volcano-related hazards;
2. Differentiate among different volcano
hazards;
Interpret different volcano hazard maps; and 5. Apply appropriate measures/interventions before, during, and after a volcanic
eruption.

3. Recognize signs of an impending

volcanic
eruption;
4. Interpret different volcano hazard
maps; and
5. Apply appropriate
measures/interventions before, during, and
 Introduction
• A volcano is a mountain or hill, typically
conical, having a crater or vent through which
lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and gas are
being or have been erupted from the earth’s
crust.
Volcano hazards
 Lahar
• Lahar is an Indonesian term that describes a
hot or cold mixture of water and rock
fragments flowing down the slopes of a
volcano and river valleys.
 Ash fall
• Ash fall is a rain of airborne
ash resulting from a
volcanic eruption. It can
have serious detrimental
effects on agricultural
crops and livestock
depending mainly on ash
thickness, the type and
growing condition of a
crop, the presence of
soluble flouride on the ash,
and timing and intensity of
subsequent rainfall.
 Pyroclastic flow
• Pyroclastic flow are
heavier-than-air gas-
particle emulsions that
across the ground at
velocities ranging from
10 m/sec to 300 m/sec.
They can attain
temperatures of over
1000 C.
 Ballistic projectiles

• Ballistic projectiles are rocks that an erupting volcano

may hurl into the air. These blocks and bombs
travel
like cannon balls and usually land within 2km of the
vent
(but can travel as far as 5km, or even further, if the
 Volcanic gases

• Sulfur compounds, chlorine and fluorine

react with water to
form poisonous acids damaging
to the eyes, skin and respiratory systems of
animals even in very small concentrations.
 Lava Flow

•It rarely threaten human life because lava

usually moves slowly-a few centimeters a few
centimeters per hour.
Different Volcanic Hazards
 Subduction volcanoes

• They are located in the zones of the earth’s crust where

one tectonic plate is thrust and consumed beneath
another. They compromise about 80 % of the world’s
active volcanoes and are the most explosive type
characterized by a composite cone associated with
multiple hazards.
Rift volcanoes
• It occur where
tectonic plates
diverge, effusive
especially when
they occur on the
deep, ocean floor.
Hot spot volcanoes

• It exist in the middle of tectonic plates

where a crustal weakness allows molten
material to penetrate from the earth’s
interior.
 Hot spot volcanoes

• An example of a active hotspot in Hawaii.

This hotspot has been around for millions
of years and created the islands Hawaii,
Maui, Oahu and Kauai.
 Signs of an Impending Volcanic
Eruption
1. Increase of seismic activity.
2. Deformation of volcano.
3. Gases that come out of fumaroles.
4. If plants nearby die suddenly, if the
colour of any lakes or ponds nearby
changes.
5. Changes in thermal images of
volcanic areas.
Volcano Hazard Maps
Volcano Hazard Maps
Appropriate Measures/
Interventions Before,
During and After a
Volcanic Eruption
 Before a Volcanic Eruption
1. Each one should be aware of the dangers
that volcanic eruptions pose to lives and
be prepared to face whatever
circumstances the eruption may bring.
2. Prepare all necessary things such as food,
water, light sources, masks, and
batteries to bring once evacuation is
needed.
3. Prioritize the safety of kids before other
things.
 During a Volcanic Eruption
1. Avoid all low-lying place
2. Seek cover in case of ash falls and
rocks falls.
3. Use masks and cover your mouth.
4. Close all doors and windows.
5. Always stays indoors/ evacuation center.
6. Keep watchful eye on the kids
 After a Volcanic Eruption
1. Go back to your house but leave the kids.
2. Clean everything around and check all
the damages incurred.
3. Use masks while cleaning ash and
other debris.
4. Wait for the further announcements.
5. Make sure that your house is still safe for all
of you.
ACTIVITY
Directions: Study the
map and answer the
following questions
The active
volcano in the
Philippines are
indicated by red
triangle. It can be
easily identified
because of the
indicators
Based on the Philippines
Volcano Location Maps,
1. Identify five (5) different
active volcanoes in the
Philippines using the map
above. Write your answers
on the space provided.
Based on the Philippines
Volcano Location Maps,
2. Fill out the table
below by listing 5
volcanoes and indicate its
provinces.
List of Active Province
Volcano
1
2
3
4
5
ACTIVITY
Directions: Draw about what to do
before, during and after an ashfall in
your notebook
ASSIGNMENT
 Direction: Draw an
emergency hazard map for
your community where you
can evacuate during natural
calamity such as volcanic
eruption.
THANK YOU
Online references
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Book Reference
• Bagolong, S.P. et al (2016). Disaster Readiness
and Risk Reduction for Senior High School.
Mutya Publishing House, Inc.