NATIONAL SERVICE

TRAINING PROGRAM 1

DISASTER MANAGEMENT & DISASTER

PREPAREDNESS
PROF. APRIL HOMOROC , MBA, PHD BA
CAND.
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS

Preparing for a disaster can reduce the fear, anxiety and losses that disasters cause. A
disaster can be a natural disaster, like hurricane, tornado, flood or earthquake. It might
also be man-made, like a bioterrorist attack or chemical spill.You should know the risks
and danger signs of different types of disasters.You should also have a disaster plan. Be
ready to evacuate your home, and know how to treat basic medical problems. Make
sure you have the insurance you need, including special types, like flood insurance.

No matter what kind of disaster you experience, it causes emotional distress. After a
disaster, recovery can take any time. Stay connected to your family and friends during
this period.
¢ Process of ensuring that an organization (1)
has complied with the preventive measures,
(2) is in a state of readiness to contain the
effects of a forecasted disastrous event to
minimize loss of life, injury, and damage to
property, (3) can provide rescue, relief,
rehabilitation, and other services in the
aftermath of the disaster, and (4) has the DISASTER
capacity and resources to continue to PREPAREDNESS
sustain its essential functions without being
overwhelmed by the demand placed on
them. Preparedness for the first and
immediate response is called Emergency
Preparedness.
WHAT TO DO BEFORE AN EARTHQUAKE

Make sure you have a fire extinguisher, first aid kit, a battery-
powered radio, a flashlight, and extra batteries at home.

Learn first aid.

WHAT TO DO BEFORE AN EARTHQUAKE

Learn Learn how to turn off the gas, water, and electricity.

Make up a plan of where to meet your family after an

Make up earthquake.

Don’t Don’t leave heavy objects on shelves (they’ll fall during

leave earth quake).
WHAT TO DO BEFORE AN EARTHQUAKE

ANCHOR HEAVY FURNITURE, LEARN THE EARTHQUAKE PLAN AT

CUPBOARDS, AND APPLIANCES TO YOUR SCHOOL OR WORKPLACE.
THE WALLS OR FLOOR.
WHAT TO DO DURING AN EARTHQUAKE

Stay calm! If you’re indoor, stay inside. If you’re outside, stay

outside.

In you’re indoors, stand against a wall near the center of the

building, stand in a doorway, or crawl under heavy furniture (a
desk or table). Stay away from the windows and outside doors.
WHAT TO DO DURING AN EARTHQUAKE

If you’re outdoors, stay in the open away from power lines or

anything that might fall. Stay away from buildings (stuff might
fall off the building or the building could fall on you).

Don’t use matches, candles, or any flame. Broken gas lines and
fire don’t mix.
 If you’re in a car, stop the
car and stay inside the car
WHAT TO DO until the earthquake stops.
DURING AN
EARTHQUAKE
Don’t use elevators (they’ll
probably get stuck anyway).
WHAT TO DO AFTER AN EARTHQUAKE

Be careful of chimneys (they may fall on you).

Stay away from beaches. Tsunamis and seiches sometimes hit after the ground
has stopped shaking.

Stay away from damaged areas.

If you’re at school or work, follow the emergency plan or the instructions of the
person in charge.

Expect aftershocks.
WHAT TO DO AFTER AN EARTHQUAKE
Check yourself and others for
injuries. Provide first aid for
anyone who needs it.
Check water, gas, and electric
lines for damage. If any are
damaged, shut off the valves.
Check for the smell of gas. If
you smell it, open all the
windows and doors, leave
immediately, and report it to
the authorities (use someone
else’s phone).

Turn on the radio. Don’t use

the phone unless it’s an Stay out of damaged buildings.
emergency.

Be careful around broken glass

and debris. Wear boots or
sturdy shoes to keep from
cutting your feet.
FIRE SAFETY TIPS

Fire Prevention
¢ Of course, the best way to practice fire safety is to
make sure a fire doesn’t break out in the first place.
That means you should always be aware of potential
hazards in your home, start by keeping these tips in
mind.
FIRE SAFETY TIPS

Check all electrical appliances, cords, and outlets

Look around your house for potential problems. And unless you’re a trained
electrician, be careful about do-it-yourself electrical projects. Studies have shown
that many home fires are caused by improper installation of electrical devices.
FIRE SAFETY TIPS

Be especially vigilant about portable heaters

¢ The number of residential fires always goes up during colder
month, peaking between December and February. Portable
space heaters substantially contribute to this increase.
Before plugging in your space heater, make sure you know
how to use it safely.
FIRE SAFETY TIPS

Be careful in the kitchen

¢ Did you know that cooking is the leading cause of home fires in the United
States? The kitchen is rife with ways for a fire to start: food left unsupervised on
a stove or in an oven or microwave; grease spills; a dish towel too close to the
burner; a toaster or toaster oven flare-up; a coffee pot accidentally left-on.

¢ Always supervise kids while cooking and practice safe cooking habits – like
turning all pot handles in so they can’t be accidentally knocked over and not
wearing loose-fitting clothing that could catch fire around the stove.
 Check the fireplace
¢ Fireplaces should be kept clean and
covered with a screen to keep
sparks from jumping out. Only
wood should be burned in the

FIRE SAFETY
fireplace – paper and other
materials can escape while burning
and ignite nearby items. Never leave

TIPS a fire burning unattended and make

sure a fire is completely
extinguisher before leaving the
house or going to bed. Have the
chimney professionally cleaned
once a year.
FIRE SAFETY TIPS

Beware of Cigarettes

According to the National Fire Prevention Association (NFPA), Cigarettes are the no. 1
cause of fire deaths in the United States and Canada, killing about 1,000 per year. Most are
started when the ashes or butts fall into couches and chairs. If you smoke, be especially
careful around upholstered furniture, never smoke in bed, and be sure cigarettes are
completely out before you toss them in the trash.
FIRE SAFETY TIPS

Keep fire extinguishers handy

Be prepared for any accidents by having fire extinguishers strategically placed

around your house – at least one on each floor and in kitchen (this one should be
an all-purpose extinguisher, meaning it can be used on grease and electrical fires),
the basement, the garage, or workshop area. Keep them out of reach of children.
FIRE SAFETY TIPS

Practice Fire Drills at Home

¢ Kids have fire drills at school and adults have them at work. Why shouldn’t you
have them at home, too? Fires are frightening and can cause panic. By rehearsing
different scenarios, your family will be less likely to waste precious time trying to
figure out what to do. Discuss and rehearse the escape routes you’ve planned for
each room of your home. Designate a meeting place outside your house or
apartment building that is a safe distance away (a mailbox, a fence, or even a
distinctive-looking tree will do) where everyone can be accounted for after they
escape.
PREPARING FOR A TYPHOON

Plan a head
¢ Determine whether you can remain in your home during the typhoon. You may
be able to ride out a weak typhoon with a small storm surge but will need to
evacuate for stronger storms. Listen for warnings from your local officials or
weather personnel in situations where evacuation is ordered. Note the
evacuation routes and plan to leave early.
¢ Make lists of television and radio stations where you can get storm information,
phone numbers to call in case of emergencies and locations of storm shelters.
Get directions for the emergency shelters.
PREPARING FOR A TYPHOON

Designate a location for you and your family members to meet if

you get separated and the number of an out-of-state relative to
call to say everyone is safe. That out-of-state person starts the
phone tree to others on your list after learning you are okay.

Find a place to take your pets where they will be safe if you
have to evacuate. Most storm shelters won’t allow pets.

Remember to shut off electricity, water and gas to your home

before evacuating.
PREPARING FOR A TYPHOON

Assemble a Typhoon Kit

¢ Pack food that doesn’t have to be refrigerated or cooked
along with disposable plates, bowls, forks, knives and spoons.
Each person and pet in the home should have enough to eat
for three days.
¢ Store water. Each person needs three gallons of clean water
to drink and to use for washing. Pets also need water.
PREPARING FOR A TYPHOON

Include a first aid kit in your typhoon kit.

Remember to pack board games, card decks and a

battery-operated radio.

Throw in a box of garbage bags and paper towels.

 Pack Pack your Bags

PREPARING Pack a small bag or backpack for each

FOR A Pack person in the home. It should include
clothes and toiletries for three days.
TYPHOON

Bundle a blanket and pillow for each

Bundle person and place them in garbage bags (to
keep them dry) to take along if evacuating.
PREPARING FOR A TYPHOON

¢ Include a small bag of photos and documents you

can’t afford to have destroyed, such as wills and
wedding albums.
¢ Place everyone’s bag and bed bundle near the door
so they can be quickly loaded into the car if you
decide to evacuate. Fill the car with gas.
AFTER TYPHOON

Avoid going out for a picnic or excursion immediately after a

typhoon. It is usually calm after a typhoon. Wait until the
typhoon has totally left the place.

Listen to radio announcements to know about the typhoon

and the weather.
AFTER TYPHOON

¢ Check the roofs or construction of your house. Is

your roof was damaged? Check and fix it.
¢ Is there any injured or is their any neighbors injured
during the typhoon? Bring them to the nearest
disaster coordinating council hospital or medical
centers?
PLAN FOR ¢ Develop a Family Disaster Plan. Please
see the “Family Disaster Plan” section for
TSUNAMI general family panning information.
PLAN FOR TSUNAMI

¢ Learn about Tsunami risk in your community.

Contact your local emergency management office or
American Red Cross Chapter. Find out if your home, school,
workplace or other frequently visited locations are in
tsunami hazard areas. Know the height of your street above
sea level and the distance of your street from the coast or
other high-risk waters. Evacuation orders may be based on
these numbers.
¢ If you are visiting an area at risk for
Tsunami, check with the hotel, motel, or
camp ground operators for tsunami
evacuation information and how you would
be warned. It is important to now PLAN FOR
designated escape routes before a warning TSUNAMI
is issued. If you are at risk from tsunamis, do
the following:
 ¢ Plan an evacuation route from
your home, school, workplace, or any
other place you’ll be where Tsunamis
present a risk. If possible, pick an area
100 feet above sea level or go up to
two miles inland, away from the
coastline. If you can’t get this high or
far, go as high as you can. Every foot
inland or upwards makes a difference.
PLAN FOR You should be able to reach your safe
location on foot within 15 minutes.
After a disaster, roads may become

TSUNAMI impassable or blocked. Be prepared

to evacuate by foot if necessary. Foot
paths normally lead uphill and inland,
while many roads parallel coastlines.
Follow posted Tsunami evacuations
routes; these will lead to safety. Local
emergency management officials can
help advise you as to the best route
safety and likely shelter locations.
 ¢ Practice your evacuation
route. Familiarity may save your

PLAN FOR life. Be able to follow your escape

route at night and during inclement
weather. Practicing your plan makes

TSUNAMI the appropriate response more of a

reaction, requiring less thinking
during an actual emergency
situation.
PLAN FOR TSUNAMI
¢ Use a NOAA Weather Radio with tone-alert feature
to keep you informed of local watches and warnings. The
tone alert feature will warn you of potential danger even if
you are not currently listening to local radio or television
stations.

¢ Talk to your insurance agent. Homeowners’ policies do

not cover flooding from a Tsunami. Ask about the National
Flood Insurance Program.
PLAN FOR TSUNAMI

¢ Discuss Tsunami with your family. Everyone should know what to do in

case all famly members are not together. Discussing Tsunamis ahead of time will
help reduce fear and anxiety, and let everyone know how to respond. Review
flood safety and preparedness measures with your family.

¢ Assemble a Disaster Supplies Kit. Please see the section “Disaster Supplies
Kit” for general Supplies Kit information. Tsunami-specific supplies should include
the following:
¢ Evacuation Supplies Kit in an easy-to-carry container (backpack) near your door.
¢ Disaster Supplies Kit Basics.
NATIONAL SERVICE
TRAINING
PROGRAM 2(CWTS)
Project Proposal
A Project Proposal
◦ Is a guide for both the trainees
and trainers in attaining task while
they are in community immersion.
 1. It guides trainees and
trainors in designing a
program for their
clientele.

Project
Proposal 2. It facilitates
implementation,
in the monitoring and
evaluation of the

Light of projects.

NSTP
3. It serves as database
in making reports as a
requirements to the
course.
 4. It makes work easier
for it serves as reference
Project for trainees’ to give the
right information needed
Proposal for the project.
in the
Light of 5. It serves as a ready
NSTP source of data for
research work.
Parts of a Project
Proposal For Immersion
Projects
There are various formats used in the
preparation of a project proposal. This is the
one of designs followed. It elicits the ff
information;
1. Title- the title of the project must capture the
need and present the name of clientele to be
served. It must be catchy to the readers. It
must be written in all capital letters, bold and
centered.
Example:
Parts of a
Project
OPERATION PLAN (OLAN): CLEAN Proposal For
AND GREEN Immersion
(A project on Waste Management
and Green Philippines)
Projects
Parts of a Project
Proposal For Immersion
Projects
2. Project Proponent- This part enumerates the
name of persons to be involved in the project,
their year level (if trainees), rank (if trainers),
contact, member and address or college. If
there are several activities that require several
leaders in every undertaking, names must be
specified per activity.
 Parts of a
Example:
Project
Proposal For
CLUSTER 1 BSIT 1-A
Immersion
Projects
3. Implementing
Parts of a
Units/Implementers- It must be Project
noted that in writing the parts of
the proposal, capital letters must Proposal For
be used to differentiate from the Immersion
project proponents.
Projects
Example:
CLUSTER BSIT 1A (manpower-for
placing bind in particular areas
and distributing materials)
Parts of a
Group Leader:
Project
De Jesus, Romhel M. Proposal For
Immersion
Members: Projects
Canlas, Manilyn B.; Flores, Rachel
C.; Samson Terry
Parts of a Project
Proposal For Immersion
Projects
Continuation…..
BSIT 1B (responsible for documentation)

Group Leader:
Dela Cruz, Juan C.

Members:
Canlas, Manilyn B.; Flores, Rachel C.; Samson
Terry
Parts of a Project
Proposal For Immersion
Projects
4. Project Duration- Specify how many training
days needed to complete the project. Specify
when the project will commence and when
will it be finished. Attached a Gannt Chart of
activity on the length of the project.
Parts of a Project Proposal For
Immersion Projects

Example:
Gantt Chart of Activities in Community Immersion on________(name of
place).
GANTT CHART
Project Title:________________________________________

Submitted by: ____________

Date:________________
Parts of a Project
Proposal For Immersion
Projects
5. Objectives of the Project
Characteristics of Obj. must be SMART;
Specific
Measurable
Attainable
Realistic
Time Bound
Parts of a Project
Proposal For Immersion
Projects
6. Project Description
A. Background of the Project
B. Justification of the Project
C. Benefits Derived from the Project
D. Coverage
7. Methodology
 Parts of a
8. Detailed Budgetary Project
Requirements Proposal For
9. Detailed Schedule of Activities
Immersion
Projects
NATIONAL SERVICE
TRAINING PROGRAM 2
(CWTS)
Community Organization and
Development
PERSON IS A SOCIAL
BEING
He/she cannot develop unless he/she
is a part of society. Work together
for a common interest.
Community organization is a process forged
along people’s empowerment and the
essential information of a self-reliant
organization that will facilitate development
in a sustainable manner (Norman, 1998)
 People’s empowerment

GOALS IN Building organization

ORGANIZING
THE Building alliances/coalitions

COMMUNITY ( Popular democracy

NORMAN,
1998 ) Social transformation

Leaders in development
 Note: Use the pages 42 & 43 of the
NSTP 2 book by Del Rosario et. al.
for more references.

Entry in the Community

STEPS IN
ORGANIZING Integration with the people
THE
COMMUNITY Community Study or Situation
Analysis

Identifying and Developing

Potential Community Leaders
 Note: Use the pages

STEPS IN 42 & 43 of the NSTP

2 book by Del Rosario
et. al. for more
Core Group
Formation

ORGANIZING references.

THE Setting up and

COMMUNITY Developing the

Organizational
Structure
Strengthening the
Organization
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
Community is a planned and
organized effort to assist
individuals.
MAJOR PURPOSES/OBJECTIVES OF
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

To help people employ the right methods to

organized self-help initiatives.

To develop techniques relevant to the

situation for socio-economic and cultural
progress.
PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT

Development should focus on peoples

participation.

Development should be attuned to

the demands of the people.

Development should be based on a

theory that is tested, validated and
relevant.
FIVE ELEMENTS OF COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT
1. A focus on the goals and needs of the
community.
2. The encouragement of self-help.
3. Technical assistance from governmental or
voluntary organizations which may include
personnel, equipment, supplies and money
FIVE ELEMENTS OF COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT
4. Integration of various specialties such as
agricultural, animal industry/ husbandry, public
health, education, home economics, and work.
5. Felt needs of the people in the community.
NATIONAL SERVICE
TRAINING PROGRAM
2 (CWTS)
Community Needs Assessment
Community Needs
Assessment
■ Needs assessment is an important
first step in designing and developing
an effective community project or
program.
Importance of Needs
Assessment

1. Needs assessment
studies allow citizens
groups or a sponsoring
agency to;

2. Gather information 3. Determine how

about citizen attitudes citizens ranks issues,
and opinions regarding problems, and
precisely defined opportunities in order of
issues, problems or importance and
opportunities. urgency.
Importance of Needs
Assessment
3. Give citizens a voice in determining policy, goals
and priorities.

4. Determine citizens support for initiatives.

5. Evaluate current programs and policies.

6. End speculation about “what people are thinking”

or “what people really want.”
Steps Involve in Conducting a
Community Needs Assessment

In general, completing a comprehensive

needs assessment requires the assessors
to;
1. Identify the goals of the needs
assessment.
2. Form and established a needs
assessment committee or team to solicit
citizens and community involvement and
develop a plan of action.
 3. Determined the
community to be
Steps assessed and list
Involve in important issue to be
Conducting addressed.
a
Community 4. Identify the
Needs population to be
Assessment surveyed and select a
random sample of
persons to survey.
Steps Involve in Conducting a
Community Needs Assessment

5. DETERMINE THE 6. CONDUCT A REVIEW OF PAST

INFORMATION THAT IS NEEDED. AND CURRENT PROGRAMS AND
ACTIVITIES.
Steps 7. Select a community needs
assessment tool/s.
Involve in • Survey
Conducting • Interviews

a • Focus Group

Community • Secondary Data Analysis

Needs
Assessment
 Steps
SYNTHESIZE AND ANALYZED ALL
ASSEMBLED DATA
IMPLEMENT THE ASSESSMENT
USING THE SELECTED TOOL/S
Involve in
Conducting
AND ANALYZED THE DATA AND
RESULTS.

a
Community
Needs
Assessment
PREPARE REPORT DETAILING THE
RESULT AND USE REPORT TO
DETERMINE APPROPRIATE
COMMUNITY INTERVENTION/S OR
PROGRAM.
N AT I O N A L
SERVICE
TRAINING
PROGRAM 2
(CWTS)
CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNITY
IMMERSION
WHAT IS A
COMMUNITY?
• According to Arlien
Johnson, “community refers
to a group of people
gathered together in any
geographic area, large or
small, who have common
interest, actual or
potentially recognized in
the social welfare field.”
ELEMENTS OF A
COMMUNITY
• Demographics
(characteristics of
populations) tell a lot about
the movement of a
population in the
community that will serve.
History allows you to identify
certain patterns of change and
people’s way of adapting to these
change that can be useful in
plotting your activities.

ELEMENTS OF
Culture
A
COMMUNITY

Economy and Structures.

 • Community immersion is an
essential strategy in

WHAT IS A community organizing work

that entails understanding of
COMMUNITY the different community
concerns, process, dynamics
IMMERSION? and lifestyle through
exposure and engaging in
different activities.
WHAT IS A COMMUNITY
IMMERSION?
• Community Immersion in NSTP is devised as
strategy in molding and conscientizing students
just so that they be socially aware and responsible
to their communities.
In view of the fact that
immersion is a major concern
in development work, trainees
may find it significant to be
guided by the ff. percepts; WHAT IS A
COMMUNITY
1. Trainees should immerse in IMMERSION?
actual community life to get to
know the social, political and
economical situation of the
people.
WHAT IS A
COMMUNITY
IMMERSION?

2. Trainees may also undergo

certain changes like increase
in knowledge about the
social realities, development
of good values, empathy
towards other people,
improvement of social skills
among others.
WHAT IS A COMMUNITY
IMMERSION?

4. Trainees must recognize

people resiliency and does not
3. Trainees should identify the
rob them of their right to have
community people’s interest
community participation and
and aspirations.
determination of appropriate
courses of action.
 5. Trainees should be aware of again-
WHAT IS A
negotiate sanction- the acceptance derived
COMMUNITY from community relations couples with the
IMMERSION? right to conduct immersion activities.
WHAT IS A
COMMUNITY
IMMERSION?

6. Trainees must reflect on

how their social analysis of
the current situation is
concretized in community
peoples lives. The analysis
should have as much meaning
for the trainees as for the
community.
FORMS OF INTEGRATION IN
COMMUNITY IMMERSION

HOME VISITS LIVING WITH SELECTED FAMILIES SHARING IN HOUSEHOLD AND

PREFERABLY WITH INDIVIDUALS COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES
OR GROUPS. (COOKING WITH THE
COMMUNITY HOST CLEAN-UP
DRIVE)
GAIN OF
NSTP-CWTS 1. Opportunity for the trainees to
comprehend peoples lives because of the
STUDENT change given to them to see real life
FROM situation, live, identify and associate with
COMMUNITY the people therein;
IMMERSION
GAIN OF
NSTP-CWTS
2. Gain social acceptance derived from
STUDENT community relations coupled with the right
FROM to offer services;
COMMUNITY
IMMERSION
GAIN OF
NSTP-CWTS 3. Enhance experiences in conducting asset
mapping such as identifying geographic
STUDENT coverage, point out resource and the use;
FROM and the relationships of people with the
COMMUNITY existing resources;
IMMERSION
GAIN OF NSTP-CWTS STUDENT
FROM COMMUNITY IMMERSION

4. ESTABLISHED RAPPORT AND RELATION 5. DEVELOP THEIR CONSCIENTIZATION

WITH DIFFERENT PEOPLE WHO MAY BE OF ABILITY.
HELP TO THEM AT SOME FUTURE TIME.
GAIN OF NSTP-CWTS
STUDENT FROM
COMMUNITY IMMERSION

6. Acquire first-hand
experience in dealing with
community works; and

7. Chance to learn life skills

that will enrich and better
their persons.
NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING
PROGRAM 2 (CWTS)
APPLICATIONS
NSTP Community Immersion as Foundation
of National Development.
New Context in Philippine Society
Today

SOCIETY

Man

SOCIETY
New Context in Philippine Society
Today

“Kung Walang Corrupt, Walang

Mahirap”
New Context in
Philippine
Society Today

“Ako ang
Simula”
Function of the Philippine Constitution
In the Implementation of NSTP
Article 2 Section 13 which state
that, “ The state recognize the
vital role of the youth in nation
building and shall promote and
protect their physical, moral,
spiritual, intellectual and social
well being. It shall inculcate in
the youth patriotism and
nationalism, and encourage
their involvement in public and
civic affairs.”
Function of the Philippine Constitution In
the Implementation of NSTP
• The manifest function that is the significant role
of the youth sector has to play in building nation
is recognized.
• The GOAL of the NSTP community immersion
is to help people in the community find the
methods to organized self-help programs and
furnish them applicable techniques for
cooperative action to improve local
environment.
FUNCTION OF THE
PHILIPPINE Students are
provide with
CONSTITUTION IN opportunities to
THE develop skills and
to contribute in
IMPLEMENTATION meaningful ways.
OF NSTP
Function of the Philippine Constitution In
the Implementation of NSTP
• Community service projects also can increase
local leaders’ appreciation of youth’s
contribution to community affairs.

• Another benefit of such projects is that school

may benefit from increase public support.
Building the community-school partnership
through involvement in community service
programs can enhance school image.
Youth in Basic Issues of
Community Development

•The penultimate end of community

service learning programs is to create an
environment of learning-by-doing and to
begin the process of helping youth
assume roles of social responsibility.
Youth in Basic Issues of
Community Development

Well designed community service programs are

reported to increase teamwork among teachers and
students.

Most community service programs enhance

students’ self-concept and self image.
Youth in Basic Issues of
Community Development

• Community development involves a process of

increasing the capacity of local citizens to solve
local problems.
Community Service

picture from xcelcorp.com

Community
Service
• www.flickr.com

www.flickr.com
Community Service

www.guardian.co.uk
Community Service

www.alaminoscity.gov.ph
Community Service

• www.cebueatery.com
National
Service
Training
Program 2
(CWTS)

How to make
teams effective
Role, Task, Responsibility,
Source of Power

–The role of a leader is

to inspire and create followers
who are also self-leaders.
–The task of a leader is to bring
about constructive and
necessary change.
Role, Task, Responsibility,
Source of Power

– The responsibility of a leader is to bring

about the change.
– The greatest source of power available to
a leader is the trust that derives from
faithfully serving followers.
How To Be an Effective
Leader

Lead by example

Listen
How To Be an Effective
Leader

COMMUNICATE
BRING OUT THE BEST
Four Competencies that Leaders Need To
Develop
By: Warren Bennis

Forming a vision

vision

Building trust

self-knowledge
MAKING TEAMS
EFFECTIVE

WORKING TOGETHER REMEMBER THAT EACH MEMBER OF THE

TO A COMMON GOAL: EACH MEMBER OF TEAM IS AN
THE TEAM HAS INDIVIDUAL -- TO BE
SOMETHING OF MORE EFFECTIVE GET
TO KNOW EACH
VALUE TO OTHER'S STRENGTHS
CONTRIBUTE. AND WEAKNESSES
AND SPECIAL
CAPABILITIES.
Rules for Operation of
the Team

– Be problems arise, develop a set

of rules to live by. It will be helpful
to decide this as a group during
the first laboratory and to put it in
writing. Some questions to answer
include -- How will you handle:
– Members not being on time?
– People who don't show up?
– Conflict - without hurting feelings?
– Bossy people?
Leading and Leadership
 Leadership

Leadership is the process of

influencing others to behave
in preferred ways to
accomplish organizational
objectives.
Leadership is the relation in which one
person (the leader) influences others;

Leadership is the managerial activity

 Leaders

Good leaders are made not born. If you have the

desire and willpower, you can become an
effective leader.

To inspire your workers into higher levels of

teamwork, there are certain things you must be,
know and do.

These do not come naturally, but are acquired

through continual work and study.

Good leaders are continually working and

studying to improve their leadership skills; they
are NOT resting on their laurels.
 1. Leader
You must have an honest understanding
of who you are, what you know, and what
you can do.
Four Factors
of Leadership
 Four Factors of Leadership

2. Followers

Different people require different styles of

leadership. A person who lacks motivation
requires a different approach than one with
a high degree of motivation.
 Four Factors of Leadership

3. Communication

You lead through two-way communication.

Much of it is nonverbal
 4.Situation
Four Factors All situations are different. What you do in
of Leadership one situation will not always work in
another.
 Principles of Leadership

Know yourself and seek Be technically

self-improvement – In proficient – As a leader,
order to know yourself, you must know your job
you have to understand and have a solid
your be, know and do familiarity with your
attributes. employees’ task.
 § Set the example – Be a good
role model for your
employees. They must not
only hear what they are
expected to do, but also see.

Principles of
Leadership § Know your people and look
out for their well-being –
Know human nature and the
importance of sincerely
caring for your workers.
 Principles of Leadership

Keep your workers informed

Develop a sense of responsibility in

your workers
 Principles of Leadership

Ensure Train Use

Ensure that tasks Train as a team – Use the full
are understood, although many capabilities of
supervised, and so called leaders your organization
accomplished call their – by developing
organization, a team spirit
department,
section
 Attributes of Leadership

BE a professional. Example: Be loyal to the

organization, perform selfless service, take personal
responsibility.

BE a professional who possess good character traits.

Example: Honesty, competence, candor, commitment,
integrity, courage, straightforwardness, imagination.
 § The four pillars of an organization are
Leadership, Management, Command and
Control. They are important for every
leader and manager to understand
because they directly drive the
organization.
§ Leadership drives the interpersonal
aspects of the organization, such as moral
and team spirit.
§ Management deals with the conceptual
The Four Pillars of issues of the organization, such as

Leadership planning and organizing.

§ Command guides the organization with
well thought-out visions that makes it
effective.
§ Control provides structure to the
organization in order to make it more
efficient.
 Three Types of Leadership

There are three types of

Leadership
• Authoritative type of leadership
• Persuasive or democratic
• Free-rein
Traits which a leader should have:

Integrity-
Judgment-
uprightness of
decision reached
character

Justice- Kindness-
impartiality; gentleness of
righteousness heart, humanness

Knowledge-
knowledgeable
 AUTHORITARIAN
(AUTOCRATIC)
I want both of you to…
Leadership Style This style is used when leaders tell their
employees what they want done and how
they want it accomplished, without
getting the advice of their followers.
 PARTICIPATIVE
(DEMOCRATIC)
Let’s work together to solve this…
This style involves the leader including
one or more employees in the decision
Leadership Style making process (determining what to do
and how to do it). However, the leader
maintains the final decision making
authority. Using this tyle is not a sign of
weakness; rather it is a sign of strength
that your employees will respect.
 DELEGATIVE (FREE
REIGN)
You two take care of the problem while I
go…

In this style, the leader allows the

employees to make decisions. However,
Leadership Style the leader is still responsible for the
decisions that are made. This is used
when employees are able to analyze the
situation and determine what needs to be
done and how to do it. You cannot do
everything! You must set priorities and
delegate certain tasks.
 § “The servant-leader is servant first… It
Robert K. begins with the natural feeling that one wants
to serve, to serve first. Then conscious choice
Greenleaf brings one to aspire to lead. That person is
sharply different from one who is leader first,
and the perhaps because of the need to assuage an

modern
unusual power drive or to acquire material
possessions…The leader-first and the

servant servant-first are two extreme types.”

leadership
movement
National Service
Training Program
2(CWTS)
Self Awareness
 Knowledge

Myself Own self

Realization
SELF Perception

Him/Herself Oneself

Commitment
 Self-awareness is defined as an
awareness of one’s own
What is personality or individuality. The
Self- term “self” often refers to yourself,
myself, himself/herself, oneself,
awareness? and your ownself.
 The following are examples of great
individuals who dared to dream
and dare to be:

Dare to •Beethoven was totally deaf, yet he

created musical masterpieces.
Dream, •Milton was blind, poor, and sick,
yet he wrote Paradise Lost and
Dare to Paradise Regained.

Be! •Abraham Lincoln failed several

times in his political career, before
he was elected to presidency. He
even became one of the greatest
US Presidents.
Dare to Burt Reynolds washed dishes for a
living before he came a well-
Dream, respected actor.
Helen Keller struggled to overcome
Dare to her handicap to become an
inspiration to both the blind and the
Be! seeing.
 SELF-
oneself/himself/herself/myself
You as •belonging to oneself
You •a person in prime condition
•entire person as an individual.
 AWARENESS - having or
showing realization,
perception or knowledge.

Be your own best friend and

You as You believe in yourself, so that

you can become the person
you want to be.

You are you and you are

what you think. You are
unique in your own way.
Only you can control your
destiny
“You are the one but you can still
the one, you can do everything but
can still do something because you You as You
can do everything you will not
refuse the something you can do.”
 Use your “lakas at tibay ng loob”
You as a (courage and strength) to move
away from the fatalistic “gulong ng
palad” (wheel of fortune) and
Filipino “bahala na” (come what may)
attitude.
 Begin by getting involved with your own life.
Begin by Makialam ka sa buhay mo! Cooperate,
makisama ka, by first initiating a change in
yourself.

You as a Begin
Begin without expecting instant miracles. You
have got only one real friend and one worst

Filipino enemy and that is your self.

Believe Believe in your abilities and work unyieldingly

in to reach your objective.
 Johari
Window
Known to Not Known to
Taken from Joseph Luft &
Self Self Harrington Ingham
OPEN
Known to AREA/ BLIND
Others PUBLIC AREA
AREA
Not Known to HIDDEN UNKNOWN
Others AREA REA
 Known to Self Not Known to Self

Known to Others 1 2

Not Known to Others 3 4

 Known to Self Not Known to Self

Know\n to Others 1 2

Not Known to Others 3 4