TABLE OF CONTENTS

Earthquake Hazards ……….1

Volcano-related Hazards ……....3

Geological Hazards ……....5

Hydro Meteorological Hazards ………7

Fire Hazards ……….9

Fire Emergency and Evacuation Plan …11

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 Earthquake Hazards
Earthquake is what happens when to blocks of the
Earth suddenly slip past one another. An
earthquake is an intense shaking of the Earth's
crust.
Potential Earthquake Hazards
1. Ground shaking -caused by rapid vibration of the
ground. It is produced by passing of seismic waves
beneath the structure that generates sudden slip
on the faults.
2. Ground rupture -is deformation on the ground
that marks the intersection of the fault with the
earth’s surface.
3. Liquefaction -is a transformation of a behavior of
a body of sediments of soil form to liquid form.
4. Tsunami -is a series of waves caused by
earthquake under the sea.

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What to do?
BEFORE DURING AFTER
 Always ready  Drop, cover,  Conduct a safety
the first kit hold on check
 Secure heavy
 Stay calm  Check for
furniture
damages
 Stay away
 Secure your  Use your first kit
from windows
home
and mirror  Prepare for an
 Identify safe aftershock
 Turn off gas
areas that you
and electricity
can avoid falling
object  Stay indoors
 Discuss your
plan

Volcano-related Hazards
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Volcanic eruption is when a gas and/or a lava
released from a volcano sometimes explosively.

Volcanic-related Hazards
1. Ballistic Projectiles -are rock fragments that are
ejected from volcanos mouth that are comparable
to cannonballs.
2. Ash fall or tephra fall -are minute volcanic
particles such as pulverized rock, minerals and
silicon which has fine to coarse grain.
3. Pyroclastic flows -contain a highly density mix of
hot lava blocks, pumice ash and volcanic gases.
4. Lava flows -are streams of molten rocks that are
poured or oozed from an erupting vent.
5. Lahars -is a hot or cold mixture of water and
rock fragments that flows down the slopes and
typically enters a river valley.
6. Fissures - is an elongate fracture or crack at the
surface from which lava erupts.

What to do?
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 Before During After
 Learn first aid  Stay calm  Listen to
kit  Cover your authorities to
 Prepare all nose and find out when
necessary mouth with it is safe to
things to mask or clean return home
bring in case cloth  Wear masks
of evacuation  If outside, when cleaning
 Know the protect  Do not get on
signs of an yourself from your roof to
impending falling ash remove ash
eruption that can unless you
 Know which irritate skin have guidance
areas are  Avoid driving or training
covered by in heavy ash  Avoid contact
the danger fall with ash if
zone  Stay indoors you have any
or go to breathing
evacuation problems
center

Geologic Hazard
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Geological Hazards are caused by natural
processes and events that occur within an Earth's
crust.

Potential Geological Hazards

1.Earthquake - an earthquake is a weak to violent

shaking of the ground produced by the sudden
movement of rock materials below the earth’s
surface.
2.Landslides - the mass movement of rocks,
debris, or earth down a slope.
3.Sinkholes - a sinkhole is a depression in the
ground that has no natural external surface
drainage.
4.Volcanic eruption - a volcanic eruption is when
a gas and/or lava are released from a volcano.
5.Tsunamis - tsunamis are giant waves caused by
earthquakes or volcanic eruptions under the sea.

What to do?
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 Before During After
 Develop and  Stay calm and,  Stay clear of
implement if necessary, hazardous areas
preparedness help calm the  Report any
plan outlines people who are damages to your
the necessary with you property,
steps to be  Seek shelter in infrastructure,
taken before safe areas or utilities to the
 Conduct a  Follow the appropriate
thorough instructions of authorities or
assessment of civil defense emergency
potential officials and services
geological other  Follow Official
hazards in your authorities Instructions and
area  Stay clear of updates
 Assemble hazardous  Participate in
emergency areas. community
supply kits recovery efforts
 Secure your
environment

Hydro meteorological Hazards

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Hydro meteorological Hazards are caused by
extreme meteorological and climate events.

Potential Hydro Meteorological Hazards

1.Typhoon - typhoon is a tropical cyclone that

develops between 180° and 100° E in the Northern
Hemisphere.
2. Flash flood - caused by heavy or excessive
rainfall in a short period of time.
3.Flooding- typically occurs when prolonged
rainfalls over several days, when intense rainfalls
over a short period of time, or when an ice or
debris jam causes a river or stream to overflow
onto the surrounding area.
4.El Niño - is characterized by unusually warmer
than average sea surface temperatures at the
central and eastern equatorial pacific.
5.La Niña - is a climate pattern that describes the
cooling of surface ocean waters along the tropical
west coast of South America.

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What to do?
Before During After
 Establish an  Stay calm  Stay informed
emergency  If you are in  Stay connected and
response plan an area being help others
that outlines directly hit by  Assess the damage
the necessary the hazard,  Ensure safety
actions to be stay indoors  Begin cleanup and
taken before as much as recovery seek
 Identify the possible  Check yourself for
potential  Avoid flooded an injury.
hazards and areas  If your house was
vulnerabilities  In case of a heavily damaged,
specific to threat of a ask for the advice
your area storm surge, of authorities
 Strengthen evacuate to a regarding its safety
and improve place higher and stability. Do
existing early than 500 not go inside the
warning meters from house if you are
systems the coast. uncertain of its
condition.

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 Fire hazards
Fire hazards are any actions, materials, or
conditions that might increase the size or severity
of a fire or that might cause a fire to start.

Potential Fire Hazards

1.Electrical Hazards - faulty wiring, overloaded

circuits, damage electrical cords, and improper use
of electrical equipment can lead to electrical fires.
2.Flammable materials - improper storage or
handling of flammable substances such as gasoline,
propane, solvents, and chemicals can create a fire
risk.
3.Heating equipment - poorly maintained or
malfunctioning of heating systems can cause fires.
4.Cooking and kitchen hazards - Unattended
cooking, grease buildup on stovetops, and
flammable materials near heat sources can lead to
kitchen fires.
5.Smoking - discarding cigarettes butts, improperly
or smoking in areas with flammable materials
increases the risk of fire.
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What to do?
Before During After
 Install and  Alert others and  Contact your
maintain activate fire insurance
smoke alarms company
detectors  Evacuate the  Arrange
 Conduct premises temporary
regular  If you leave accommodation
inspections close doors and  Assess and
 Establish and contain the fire document the
practice an to avoid damage
evacuation spreading of  Secure the
plan flames property
 Install fire  Use fire  Begin to
extinguishers extinguishers if restoration
 Ensure trained and its process
everyone safe  Return home
knows to call  Call emergency only when
emergency services authorities deem
hotlines.  Crawl under it is safe.
low smoke.

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Fire Emergency and Evacuation Plan

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 This is for the fulfillment
Of our project in
Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction
(Grade 11)
School year 2022-2023.

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