GEOLOGIC PROCESSES AND

HAZARDS
1. What are the different geologic hazards?
2. What does a hazard map show?
3. How do humans cause some geologic hazards and
how do prepare for such?
GEOLOGIC PROCESSES
• Are naturally occurring events that directly or indirectly impact the geology of
the earth.
• Plate tectonics, weathering, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, mountain
formation, deposition, erosion, drought, flooding, landslides.

GEOLOGIC HAZARDS
• Are extreme natural event in the crust of the Earth that poses threat to life
and property.
• Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunami or tidal waves and landslides.
EARTHQUAKES

It is the minimal to rapid shaking of the

ground due to the movement of rocks
along faults on Earth’s crust.

Plates Rocks Energy is

break released earthquakes
move
EARTHQUAKE HAZARD
A. GROUND SHAKING – most
obvious hazard earthquakes
cause.

B. SURFACE FAULTING –
breaking of the ground.

C. LANDSLIDE – downward
movement of the soil.
EARTHQUAKE HAZARD
D. LIQUEFACTION – saturation
of soil with water.

E. TSUNAMIS – when shaking

happens on the seafloor.
VOLCANIC ERUPTION
Occurs when magma is released from a
volcano.

Volcanic hazards
A. TEPHRA – consists of pyroclastic fragments
B. PYROCLASTIC FLOW – dense, fast-moving flow of solidified
lava pieces, volcanic ash and hot gases.
C. LAHAR – mixture of rock and water that flows down the
slope of a volcanic.
HAZARDS
• Are phenomena (natural
or man-made) which
poses threat to humans,
animals, properties and
environment.
 CLASSIFICATION OF HAZARDS
A. NATURAL - EARTHQUAKES
- VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
- LANDSLIDES
- TSUNAMIS
- CLIMATE AND WEATHER HAZARDS

B. ANTHROPOGENIC – DEFORESTATION
- MINING
- CLIMATE CHANGE
LANDSLIDE
• It is the movement of rock down a
slope
• This is a natural hazard but
human activities may speed up or
trigger its occurrences.
 HUMAN ACTIVITIES THAT SPEED-UP OR
TRIGGER LANDSLIDES
A. OVERLOADING SLOPES

B. MINING (using explosives

underground)

C. LAND USE – construction

D. EXCAVATION/DISPLACEM
ENT OF ROCKS
 HUMAN ACTIVITIES THAT SPEED-UP OR
TRIGGER LANDSLIDES
E. QUARRYING
F. LAND POLLUTION / LAND
DEGRADATION
G. EXCAVATION OF
ARCHEOLOGICAL
REMAINS
H. CUTTING OF TREES
 EFFECTS OF LANDSLIDES
1. Property damage, injury and death
AFFECTS
Water supplies, fisheries, sewage disposal systems, forests, dams,
roadways.
NEGATIVE ECONOMIC EFFECTS
Cost to repair structures, loss of property value, disruption of
transpo-routes, medical costs.
 HAZARD MAP
• Illustrates areas that are exposed or prone to a particular
hazards.
• Used to mitigate the potential negative effects of hazards.
 GEOLOGIC PROCESSES/HAZARDS
• Earthquake
- Ground shaking, ground rupture or formation breaks on
the ground, liquefaction, landslides and tsunami.
- Volcanic Eruption
- Tephra fall, pyroclastic flow, lahar, lava flow and lava
dome, release of harmful gases.