PVSYST V6.

81 13/02/20 Page 1/7

Grid-Connected System: Simulation parameters

Project : Holtekamp 20MW
Geographical Site Holtekam1 Country Indonesia
Situation Latitude -2.65° S Longitude 140.82° E
Time defined as Legal Time Time zone UT+9 Altitude 16 m
Albedo 0.20
Meteo data: Holtekam1 MeteoNorm file - Synthetic

PVsyst TRIAL
Simulation variant :

Simulation parameters
Holtekamp 1
Simulation date
Simulation for the

System type
13/02/20 18h13
1st year of operation

Tables on a building
Collector Plane Orientation Tilt 10° Azimuth 33°
Sheds configuration Nb. of sheds 2222 Identical arrays
Sheds spacing 0.80 m Collector width 3.96 m
Shading limit angle Limit profile angle 167.5° Ground cov. Ratio (GCR) 495.1 %

Models used Transposition Perez Diffuse Perez, Meteonorm

PVsyst TRIAL
Horizon Free Horizon
Near Shadings Linear shadings
User's needs : Unlimited load (grid)

PV Array Characteristics
PV module Si-poly Model CS6U - 325P
Original PVsyst database Manufacturer Canadian Solar Inc.
Number of PV modules In series 18 modules In parallel 2222 strings
Total number of PV modules Nb. modules 39996 Unit Nom. Power 325 Wp
Array global power Nominal (STC) 12999 kWp At operating cond. 11657 kWp (50°C)
Array operating characteristics (50°C) U mpp 595 V I mpp 19576 A
Total area Module area 77765 m² Cell area 70092 m²

PVsyst TRIAL
Inverter
Original PVsyst database
Characteristics
Inverter pack
Model
Manufacturer
Operating Voltage
Nb. of inverters
SG2000
Sungrow
460-850 V
5 units
Unit Nom. Power
Total Power
Pnom ratio
2000 kWac
10000 kWac
1.30

PV Array loss factors

Array Soiling Losses Loss Fraction 2.0 %
Thermal Loss factor Uc (const) 29.0 W/m²K Uv (wind) 0.0 W/m²K / m/s
Wiring Ohmic Loss Global array res. 0.51 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.5 % at STC
LID - Light Induced Degradation Loss Fraction 0.7 %

PVsyst TRIAL
Module Quality Loss Loss Fraction 0.0 %
Module Mismatch Losses Loss Fraction 1.5 % at MPP
Strings Mismatch loss Loss Fraction 0.10 %
Module average degradation Year no 1 Loss factor 0.7 %/year
Mismatch due to degradation Imp RMS dispersion 0.4 %/year Vmp RMS dispersion 0.4 %/year

PVsyst Evaluation mode

 PVSYST V6.81 13/02/20 Page 2/7

Grid-Connected System: Simulation parameters

Incidence effect (IAM): User defined profile
10° 20° 30° 40° 50° 60° 70° 80° 90°
0.998 0.998 0.995 0.992 0.986 0.970 0.917 0.763 0.000

System loss factors

External transformer Iron loss (24H connexion) 0W Loss Fraction 0.0 % at STC
Resistive/Inductive losses 0.108 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.4 % at STC

PVsyst TRIAL
Unavailability of the system 1.8 days, 3 periods Time fraction 0.5 %

Auxiliaries loss constant (fans) 20.0 kW ... from Power thresh. 0.0 kW

PVsyst TRIAL

PVsyst TRIAL

PVsyst TRIAL
PVsyst Evaluation mode
 PVSYST V6.81 13/02/20 Page 3/7

Grid-Connected System: Near shading definition

Project : Holtekamp 20MW
Simulation variant : Holtekamp 1
Simulation for the 1st year of operation

Main system parameters System type Tables on a building

Near Shadings Linear shadings
PV Field Orientation tilt 10° azimuth 33°

PVsyst TRIAL
PV modules Model CS6U - 325P Pnom 325 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 39996 Pnom total 12999 kWp
Inverter Model SG2000 Pnom 2000 kW ac
Inverter pack Nb. of units 5.0 Pnom total 10000 kW ac
User's needs Unlimited load (grid)

Perspective of the PV-field and surrounding shading scene

PVsyst TRIAL

PVsyst TRIAL 90

5
Shading loss: 1 %
Shading loss: 5 %
Shading loss: 10 %
Iso-shadings diagram
Holtekamp 20MW
Beam shading factor (linear calculation) : Iso-shadings curves
4
Attenuation for diffuse: 0.012
and albedo: 0.570

75 Shading loss: 20 % 3
6 Shading loss: 40 %
7 12h 11h
2
1
13h
60 10h
Sun height [[°]]

14h
9h
45

PVsyst TRIAL
15h
8h

30 1: 22 june
2: 22 may - 23 july
16h 3: 20 apr - 23 aug 7h
4: 20 mar - 23 sep
5: 21 feb - 23 oct
15
6: 19 jan - 22 nov
17h
7: 22 december
Behind Behind
the plane the plane
0
180 150 120 90 60 30 0 -30 -60 -90 -120 -150 -180
Azimuth [[°]]

PVsyst Evaluation mode

 PVSYST V6.81 13/02/20 Page 4/7

Grid-Connected System: Main results

Project : Holtekamp 20MW
Simulation variant : Holtekamp 1
Simulation for the 1st year of operation

Main system parameters System type Tables on a building

Near Shadings Linear shadings
PV Field Orientation tilt 10° azimuth 33°

PVsyst TRIAL
PV modules Model CS6U - 325P Pnom 325 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 39996 Pnom total 12999 kWp
Inverter Model SG2000 Pnom 2000 kW ac
Inverter pack Nb. of units 5.0 Pnom total 10000 kW ac
User's needs Unlimited load (grid)

Main simulation results

System Production Produced Energy 18648 MWh/year Specific prod. 1435 kWh/kWp/year
Performance Ratio PR 80.61 %

Normalized productions (per installed kWp): Nominal power 12999 kWp Performance Ratio PR

6 1.0
Lc : Collection Loss (PV-array losses) 0.84 kWh/kWp/day PR : Performance Ratio (Yf / Yr) : 0.806
0.9
Ls : System Loss (inverter, ...) 0.11 kWh/kWp/day

PVsyst TRIAL
5 Yf : Produced useful energy (inverter output) 3.93 kWh/kWp/day
0.8
[kWh/kWp/day]

0.7
Performance Ratio PR

4
0.6
Energy

3 0.5

0.4
Normalized

2
0.3

0.2
1

0.1

0 0.0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

PVsyst TRIAL
Holtekamp 1
Balances and main results

GlobHor DiffHor T_Amb GlobInc GlobEff EArray E_Grid PR

kWh/m² kWh/m² °C kWh/m² kWh/m² MWh MWh

January 154.0 81.00 27.72 144.9 137.0 1562 1525 0.810

February 138.0 74.96 27.59 132.4 125.4 1423 1389 0.808
March 152.3 88.49 27.54 150.2 142.3 1617 1579 0.808
April 146.2 76.40 27.16 148.6 141.1 1599 1561 0.808
May 150.0 76.93 27.80 156.2 148.3 1680 1628 0.802
June 144.6 68.30 27.23 152.6 145.0 1654 1571 0.792
July 148.4 72.10 27.38 155.9 148.0 1687 1633 0.806
August 151.3 78.23 27.76 156.2 148.4 1683 1644 0.809
September 150.7 84.66 27.33 150.2 142.3 1618 1582 0.810

PVsyst TRIAL
October 158.0 79.87 27.94 154.6 146.8 1653 1614 0.803
November 149.3 81.23 27.36 142.1 134.6 1531 1495 0.809
December 145.1 75.04 27.64 135.7 128.3 1462 1427 0.809

Year 1788.0 937.20 27.54 1779.6 1687.5 19169 18648 0.806

Legends: GlobHor Horizontal global irradiation GlobEff Effective Global, corr. for IAM and shadings
DiffHor Horizontal diffuse irradiation EArray Effective energy at the output of the array
T_Amb Ambient Temperature E_Grid Energy injected into grid
GlobInc Global incident in coll. plane PR Performance Ratio

PVsyst Evaluation mode

 PVSYST V6.81 13/02/20 Page 5/7

Grid-Connected System: Special graphs

Project : Holtekamp 20MW
Simulation variant : Holtekamp 1
Simulation for the 1st year of operation

Main system parameters System type Tables on a building

Near Shadings Linear shadings
PV Field Orientation tilt 10° azimuth 33°

PVsyst TRIAL
PV modules Model CS6U - 325P Pnom 325 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 39996 Pnom total 12999 kWp
Inverter Model SG2000 Pnom 2000 kW ac
Inverter pack Nb. of units 5.0 Pnom total 10000 kW ac
User's needs Unlimited load (grid)

Daily Input/Output diagram

80000
Values from 01/01 to 31/12
70000
Energy injected into grid [kWh/day]

60000

PVsyst TRIAL 50000

40000

30000

20000

10000

0
0 2 4 6 8 10
Global incident in coll. plane [kWh/m².day]

PVsyst TRIAL 350000

System Output Power Distribution

Values from 01/01 to 31/12

Energy injected into grid [kWh / Bin]

300000

250000

200000

PVsyst TRIAL
150000

100000

50000

0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Power injected into grid [kW]

PVsyst Evaluation mode

 PVSYST V6.81 13/02/20 Page 6/7

Grid-Connected System: Loss diagram

Project : Holtekamp 20MW
Simulation variant : Holtekamp 1
Simulation for the 1st year of operation

Main system parameters System type Tables on a building

Near Shadings Linear shadings
PV Field Orientation tilt 10° azimuth 33°

PVsyst TRIAL
PV modules Model CS6U - 325P Pnom 325 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 39996 Pnom total 12999 kWp
Inverter Model SG2000 Pnom 2000 kW ac
Inverter pack Nb. of units 5.0 Pnom total 10000 kW ac
User's needs Unlimited load (grid)

Loss diagram over the whole year

1788 kWh/m² Horizontal global irradiation

-0.47% Global incident in coll. plane

-0.07% Global incident below threshold
-0.77% Near Shadings: irradiance loss

PVsyst TRIAL 1687 kWh/m² * 77765 m² coll.

efficiency at STC = 16.71%

21926 MWh
-2.49% IAM factor on global
-2.00% Soiling loss factor

Effective irradiation on collectors

PV conversion

Array nominal energy (at STC effic.)

-0.35% Module Degradation Loss ( for year #1)
-0.68% PV loss due to irradiance level

-8.55% PV loss due to temperature

-0.70% LID - Light induced degradation

-1.59% Mismatch loss, modules and strings
-0.96% Ohmic wiring loss

PVsyst TRIAL
19208 MWh Array virtual energy at MPP

-1.20% Inverter Loss during operation (efficiency)

-0.20% Inverter Loss over nominal inv. power
0.00% Inverter Loss due to max. input current
0.00% Inverter Loss over nominal inv. voltage
-0.01% Inverter Loss due to power threshold
0.00% Inverter Loss due to voltage threshold
18938 MWh Available Energy at Inverter Output

-0.44% Auxiliaries (fans, other)

-0.40% System unavailability
-0.70% External transfo loss
18648 MWh Energy injected into grid

PVsyst TRIAL
PVsyst Evaluation mode
 PVSYST V6.81 13/02/20 Page 7/7

Grid-Connected System: P50 - P90 evaluation

Project : Holtekamp 20MW
Simulation variant : Holtekamp 1
Simulation for the 1st year of operation

Main system parameters System type Tables on a building

Near Shadings Linear shadings
PV Field Orientation tilt 10° azimuth 33°

PVsyst TRIAL
PV modules Model CS6U - 325P Pnom 325 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 39996 Pnom total 12999 kWp
Inverter Model SG2000 Pnom 2000 kW ac
Inverter pack Nb. of units 5.0 Pnom total 10000 kW ac
User's needs Unlimited load (grid)

Evaluation of the Production probability forecast

The probability distribution of the system production forecast for different years is mainly dependent
on the meteo data used for the simulation, and depends on the following choices:
Meteo data source MeteoNorm file
Meteo data Kind Not defined Year 1995
Specified Deviation Year deviation from aver. 3%

PVsyst TRIAL
Year-to-year variability Variance 4.7 %

The probability distribution variance is also depending on some system parameters uncertainties
Specified Deviation PV module modelling/parameters 1.0 %
Inverter efficiency uncertainty 0.5 %
Soiling and mismatch uncertainties 1.0 %
Degradation uncertainty 1.0 %
Global variability (meteo + system) Variance 5.0 % (quadratic sum)

Annual production probability Variability 939 MWh

P50 18648 MWh
P90 17444 MWh
P10 19852 MWh

PVsyst TRIAL 0.50

0.45

0.40

0.35
Probability distribution

P50 = 18647806 kWh

E_Grid simul = 18647806 kWh

0.30
Probability

0.25

0.20
P90 = 17444110 kWh P10 = 19851502 kWh
0.15

0.10

0.05

PVsyst TRIAL
0.00
16000000 17000000 18000000 19000000 20000000 21000000 22000000
E_Grid system production kWh

PVsyst Evaluation mode