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Diagnosis and Treatment of Furcation-Involved Teeth, First Edition. Edited by Luigi Nibali. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published
2018 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Anatomia
Diagnosis and Treatment of Furcation-Involved Teeth, First Edition. Edited by Luigi Nibali. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published
2018 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Anatomia
Entrada
mesial
Entrada
vestibular Fornix
Entrance
Entrada distal
http://bit.ly/2CjwB0l
Lindhe, J., Karring, T., & Lang, N. P. (2009). Periodontologia clinica e implantologia
odontologica/Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry (Vol. 1). Ed. Médica Panamericana.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Furcation-Involved Teeth, First Edition. Edited by Luigi Nibali. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published
2018 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Molar inferior
• Dos Conos D proyecta a distal M + Vertical
• Mesial Forma “reloj de arena”
• Fornix inclinado de V a L, Divergencia – de molar a
molar
• Factores anatómicos
• Trauma Oclusal
• Origen endodóntico
• Factores Iatrogénicos
Diagnosis and Treatment of Furcation-Involved Teeth, First Edition. Edited by Luigi Nibali. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published
2018 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Placa bacteriana
Diagnosis and Treatment of Furcation-Involved Teeth, First Edition. Edited by Luigi Nibali. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published
2018 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Factores anatómicos
Concavidades radiculares
Pueden ser poco profundas
Incrementan el área de inserción resistente al torque
Cortos
Medianos
Raíces fusionas hasta el ápice
Longitud radicular
La raíz mesial en 1eros y 2dos molares inf y raíz Mvdel 1er molar sup. Presentan
curvatura distal en el tercio apical.
Forma de 8 perforaciones.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Furcation-Involved Teeth, First Edition. Edited by Luigi Nibali. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published
2018 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Proyecciones del esmalte
Clasificacion de masters y hoskin (1965)
Grado I: proyección del esmalte se extiende de la unión cemento esmalte
del diente hacia la entrada de la furcacion.
Grado II: la proyecion del esmalte se acerca hacia la entrada de la
furcacion, sim embargo, no entra en la furcacion y, por lo tanto no existe
componente horizontal presente.
Grado III: La proyección esmalte se extiende horizontalmente en la
bifurcación
Diagnosis and Treatment of Furcation-Involved Teeth, First Edition. Edited by Luigi Nibali. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published
2018 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Perlas del esmalte
Diagnosis and Treatment of Furcation-Involved Teeth, First Edition. Edited by Luigi Nibali. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published
2018 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Trauma oclusal
Radiographic appearance of a defect in the furcation area caused by occlusal overload. After
occlusal adjustment the inter‐radicular defect spontaneously healed, as documented 6 months
after therapy in a radiograph (b). (Courtesy of M. Cattabriga.)
• Restauraciones Sobresalientes
• Bandas de Ortodoncia
http://bit.ly/2x7iqGF
Diagnosis and Treatment of Furcation-Involved Teeth, First Edition. Edited by Luigi Nibali. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published
2018 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Factores relacionados con el
paciente
Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Sixth Edition. Edited by Niklaus P. Lang and Jan Lindhe. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons,
Ltd. Published 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Furcation-Involved Teeth, First Edition. Edited by Luigi Nibali. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published
2018 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Los defectos en la furca son
progresivos y en su mayoría tienen
mal pronóstico
La periodontitis en multirradiculares
genera perdida osea en forma vertical y
horizontal entre las raíces
Diagnosis and Treatment of Furcation-Involved Teeth, First Edition. Edited by Luigi Nibali. © 2018 John Wiley &
Sons Ltd. Published 2018 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
En pacientes periodontales no
tratados, los defectos en la furca
están cubiertos por la encía
Diagnosis and Treatment of Furcation-Involved Teeth, First Edition. Edited by Luigi Nibali. © 2018 John Wiley &
Sons Ltd. Published 2018 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Sixth Edition. Edited by Niklaus P. Lang and Jan Lindhe. © 2015
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sondeo meticuloso determina presencia y
extensión de la involucración (sonda Nabers)
La meta es identificar y
clasificar la extensión
Diagnosis and Treatment of Furcation-Involved Teeth, First Edition. Edited by Luigi Nibali. © 2018 John
Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published 2018 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
http://dentalmart.in/probes/378-15-unc-color-coded-probe.html
Paso a paso
del sondaje
- Empujar la sonda apicalmente,
desplazando suavemente la encía
en movimientos en zigzag hasta
que se alcanza la parte inferior
del surco o la bolsa
1. 3.
2.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Furcation-Involved Teeth, First Edition. Edited by Luigi Nibali. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published
2018 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Diagnostico diferencial
Glickman, I. (1950). Bifurcation Involvement in Periodontal Disease. The Journal of the American Dental Association, 40(5), 528–538.
Mani, A., James, R., & Mani, S. Classifications for Furcation Involvement.
Clasificacion de glickman
Clasificación defectos horizontales en furca
Hamp & col 1975
Diagnosis and Treatment of Furcation-Involved Teeth, First Edition. Edited by Luigi Nibali. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published
2018 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Grado I
Diagnosis and Treatment of Furcation-Involved Teeth, First Edition. Edited by Luigi Nibali. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published
2018 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
grado II
Diagnosis and Treatment of Furcation-Involved Teeth, First Edition. Edited by Luigi Nibali. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published
2018 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Grado III
Diagnosis and Treatment of Furcation-Involved Teeth, First Edition. Edited by Luigi Nibali. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published
2018 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Goldman (1958)
Grado II
• Incipiente • De un lado
• No la a otro
atraviesa
Goldman, H. M. (1958). Therapy of the Incipient Bifurcation Involvement. Journal of Periodontology, 29(2), 112–116.
Mani, A., James, R., & Mani, S. Classifications for Furcation Involvement.
Ramfjord & Ash (1979)
Clase I Clase II Clase III
Ramfjord, S. P. & Ash, M. M. Jr. (1979) Periodontology and periodontics. Philadelphia: WB Saunders.
Mani, A., James, R., & Mani, S. Classifications for Furcation Involvement.
Ricchetti (1982)
Clase II
• 1mm • 6mm
horizontal • 2-4mm horizontal
• Ia: 1-2mm horizontal
horizontal • IIa: 4-6mm
Clase I horizontal Clase III
Recchetti, P. (1982) A furcation classification based upon pulp chamberfurcation relationships and vertical radiographic bone loss.
International Journal of Periodontics and Restorative Dentistry 2, 51
Mani, A., James, R., & Mani, S. Classifications for Furcation Involvement.
Clasificación Eskow y Kapin
Clasificación de Tarnow y FletcherT
Tarnow, D., & Fletcher, P. (1984). Classification of the vertical component of furcation involvement. Journal of periodontology, 55(5),
283-284.
Examen radiografico
Diagnosis and Treatment of Furcation-Involved Teeth, First Edition. Edited by Luigi Nibali. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published
2018 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Sixth Edition. Edited by Niklaus P. Lang and Jan Lindhe. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons,
Ltd. Published 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
La detección del defecto, su ubicación
y extensión, junto con sus principales
características morfológicas solo se
pueden confirmar con la elevación del
colgajo
Diagnosis and Treatment of Furcation-Involved Teeth, First Edition. Edited by Luigi Nibali. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published
2018 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Tratamiento
- Resección radicular
- Hemisección radicular
- Amputación radicular
Tratamiento no
invasivo Regeneración
Tratamiento
resectivo
Diagnosis and Treatment of Furcation-Involved Teeth, First Edition. Edited by Luigi Nibali. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published
2018 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
• Debe considerarse en las furcas estables,
soporte oseo minimo 1/3
Un procedimiento de
tunelización puede ayudar a
evitar el tratamiento protesico y
de ese modo preservar un arco
dental intacto
Diagnosis and Treatment of Furcation-Involved Teeth, First Edition. Edited by Luigi Nibali. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published
2018 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Molares superiores
No se realiza
Diagnosis and Treatment of Furcation-Involved Teeth, First Edition. Edited by Luigi Nibali. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published
2018 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Sixth Edition. Edited by Niklaus P. Lang and Jan Lindhe. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Published 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molares inferiores
Diagnosis and Treatment of Furcation-Involved Teeth, First Edition. Edited by Luigi Nibali. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published
2018 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Sixth Edition. Edited by Niklaus P. Lang and Jan Lindhe. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Published 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tecnica quirurgica
Si la encía obstruye el paso del cepillo
interdental, se debe realizar una
gingivectomía
COLGAJO
Incisión Incisión
festoneada intrasulcular
Diagnosis and Treatment of Furcation-Involved Teeth, First Edition. Edited by Luigi Nibali. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published
2018 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Furcation-Involved Teeth, First Edition. Edited by Luigi Nibali. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published
2018 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
• Probar la accesibilidad:
Remover hueso para garantizar el acceso
del cepillo interdental, se puede usar una
fresa redonda
Diagnosis and Treatment of Furcation-Involved Teeth, First Edition. Edited by Luigi Nibali. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published
2018 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
• Raspaje y alisado radicular
• Reposicionar colgajo asegurando la
cobertura ósea
Diagnosis and Treatment of Furcation-Involved Teeth, First Edition. Edited by Luigi Nibali. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published
2018 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Furcation-Involved Teeth, First Edition. Edited by Luigi Nibali. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published
2018 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Sixth Edition. Edited by Niklaus P. Lang and Jan Lindhe. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons,
Ltd. Published 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Posperatorio
Retiro de suturas: 7-10 días después de la cirugía
Diagnosis and Treatment of Furcation-Involved Teeth, First Edition. Edited by Luigi Nibali. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published
2018 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Mantenimiento
Diagnosis and Treatment of Furcation-Involved Teeth, First Edition. Edited by Luigi Nibali. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published
2018 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Hemisección, Resección y Amputación radicular
Hemisección
• Consiste en la sección del complejo
radicular y en la conservación de todas las
raices
Resección
• Es la sección y la eliminación de una o dos
raices de un diente multirradicular
Amputación
• La remoción de una raíz en la furca, sin
extirpar la corona
Diagnosis and Treatment of Furcation-Involved Teeth, First Edition. Edited by Luigi Nibali. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published
2018 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Factores a considerar
Longitud y forma de los troncos
radiculares
Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Sixth Edition. Edited by Niklaus P. Lang and Jan Lindhe. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons,
Ltd. Published 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contraindicaciones
Lesión periodontal que compromete ambas raíces
Movilidad severa
Tratamiento de endodoncia
Hemisección o resección
Restauración provisional
Cirugía periodontal
Diagnosis and Treatment of Furcation-Involved Teeth, First Edition. Edited by Luigi Nibali. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published
2018 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Hemisección en molares inferiores
Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Sixth Edition. Edited by Niklaus P. Lang and Jan Lindhe. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons,
Ltd. Published 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resección radicular en molares superiores
Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Sixth Edition. Edited by Niklaus P. Lang and Jan Lindhe. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons,
Ltd. Published 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Sixth Edition. Edited by Niklaus P. Lang and Jan Lindhe. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons,
Ltd. Published 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amputación
Colgajo
Sección radicular
Exodoncia
Raspaje y alisado
Sellar remanente
Rehabilitación protésica
Diagnosis and Treatment of Furcation-Involved Teeth, First Edition. Edited by Luigi Nibali. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Published 2018 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Objetivos
Modificar o curar los defectos anatómicos producidos
por la periodontitis activa
Diagnosis and Treatment of Furcation-Involved Teeth, First Edition. Edited by Luigi Nibali. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Published 2018 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Regeneración tisular guiada
Karring, T., & Cortellini, P. (1999). Regenerative therapy: furcation defects. Periodontology 2000, 19(1), 115-137.
Matriz derivada del esmalte
Emdogain
amelogenina
Quimiotaxis
Vascularización
Sintesis de matriz extracelular
Proliferación de: fibroblastos y
osteoblastos
Beca, T., Hernández, G., Morante, S., & Bascones, A. (2007). Plasma rico en plaquetas: Una revisión bibliográfica. Avances en
Periodoncia e Implantología Oral, 19(1), 39-52.
Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Sixth Edition. Edited by Niklaus P. Lang and Jan Lindhe. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons,
Ltd. Published 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pronostico
Pronostico
• Multifactorial
• Complejidad en higiene oral
• Furca grado I: Supervivencia 90%
http://bit.ly/2xfH080
Diagnosis and Treatment of Furcation-Involved Teeth, First Edition. Edited by Luigi Nibali. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published
2018 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Pronostico
• Mantenimiento, generalmente cada 3, 4, 6
• Se observó un riesgo tres a cuatro veces mayor
de pérdida de dientes para los estudios con
seguimientos más largos
http://bit.ly/2OsFpmb
Diagnosis and Treatment of Furcation-Involved Teeth, First Edition. Edited by Luigi Nibali. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published
2018 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Pronostico
• Tratamiento no quirúrgico: éxito Grado I: 99-
100%
• Grado II: 95%
• Grado III: 25%
• Observación de 5-12 años
http://bit.ly/2CZMgSw
Lindhe, J., Karring, T., & Lang, N. P. (2009). Periodontologia clinica e implantologia
odontologica/Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry (Vol. 1). Ed. Médica Panamericana.
Pronostico
• Preparación en túnel: éxito de 42,9-92,9%
• Observación de 5-8 años
• Las lesiones cariosas fueron consideradas
compilación
http://bit.ly/2CZMgSw
Lindhe, J., Karring, T., & Lang, N. P. (2009). Periodontologia clinica e implantologia
odontologica/Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry (Vol. 1). Ed. Médica Panamericana.
Pronostico
• Tratamiento quirúrgico resectivo: éxito 62-100%
• Observación de 5-13 años
• Fracturas radiculares y fallos endodónticos
http://bit.ly/2QyxtRD http://bit.ly/2pdGdA0
Lindhe, J., Karring, T., & Lang, N. P. (2009). Periodontologia clinica e implantologia
odontologica/Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry (Vol. 1). Ed. Médica Panamericana.
Pronostico
• Tratamiento quirúrgico RTG: éxito 62-100%
• Observación de 5-12 años
http://bit.ly/2MCwFYD
Lindhe, J., Karring, T., & Lang, N. P. (2009). Periodontologia clinica e implantologia
odontologica/Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry (Vol. 1). Ed. Médica Panamericana.
Pronostico Conclusión
• La respuesta al tratamiento es buena
incluso en lesiones de furca grado III, solo
el 30% de los molares se perdieron con
hasta 15 años de seguimiento
http://bit.ly/2p92Y8u
Diagnosis and Treatment of Furcation-Involved Teeth, First Edition. Edited by Luigi Nibali. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published
2018 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Pronostico Conclusión
Clinical photographs of 55‐year‐old male patient affected by chronic periodontitis; periapical radiographs
of upper right molars showing triple degree III furcation involvement ; clinical photographs taken 10 years
after tunnelling surgery; Periapical photographs at 10‐year follow ‐up
Diagnosis and Treatment of Furcation-Involved Teeth, First Edition. Edited by Luigi Nibali. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published
2018 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.