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CHEMISTRY
Introduction
Polymer : A large molecule (macromolecule)
built up by repetitive bonding
(covalent) of smaller molecules
(monomers)
fiber plastic
elastomer
Linear polymer can be molded or
High intermolecular forces Irregular molecular shaped (such as blowing
(that result usually from the structure to form a film), greater
presence of polar groups) : Weak intermolecular stiffness and lack
hydrogen bonds or dipole- forces reversible elasticity
dipole interaction Very flexible
Less elasticity Low initial modulus in
High modulus, high tensile tension
strength Very high extensibility
Moderate extensibility (less (up to 1000%)
than 20%)
Polymers arranged in fibers Fibers are always made
like this can be spun into of polymers which are
threads and used as textiles. arranged into crystals.
The clothes you're wearing are They have to be able to
made out of polymeric fibers. pack into a regular
So is carpet. So is rope. Here arrangement in order to
are some of the polymers line up as fibers.
which can be drawn into
fibers: polyethylene, Kevlar,
Nylon, polyester, cellulose,
polyurethanes,
polyacrylonitrile
Biodegradable bahan alami :
pati jagung
plastic pati singkong
pati beras
pati kentang
bahan terbarukan
(disintesis secara PLA : dari esterifikasi asam
mikrobiologi) : laktat (fermentasi hasil
Polylactic acid samping produk pertanian)
(PLA) PLA memiliki sifat tahan
Polyhydroxy panas, kuat, dan elastis
alkanoate (PHA)
Homopolymer
or
heteropolymer ?
Heteropolymer
Nomenclature of polymer
Nomenclature Based on monomer source -1
The addition polymer is often named according to the monomer that was
used to form it
Example : poly(vinyl chloride) PVC is made from vinyl chloride
-CH2-CH(Cl)-
Poly-X
1) Poly[styrene-co-ethylene] or Copoly(styrene/ethylene)
2) Poly[styrene-alt-ethylene] or Alt-Copoly(styrene/
ethylene)
3) Poly[styrene-block-ethylene] or Block-Copoly(styrene/
ethylene)
4) Poly[styrene-graft-ethylene] or Graft-Copoly(styrene/
ethylene)
polyethylene grafted onto polystyrene main chain
5) Poly[styrene-co-ethylene-co-propylene] or
Copoly(styrene/ethylene/propylene)
IUPAC Names
Use Poly as a prefix and in the brackets list the monomer
structure with numbers indicating the attachment of side
chains
Diene Names :
Use cis- and trans- to indicate geometric isomer
Examples
1,2-poly(1,3-butadiene)
cis-1,4-poly(1,3-butadiene)
trans-1,4-poly(1,3-isoprene) (natural rubber)
Problems
Gambarkan struktur untuk setiap kopolimer berikut :
MMMMMMMMMMMSVSVSVSVSV
S
S Poli[(metil metakrilat)-cangkok-
S stirena]-blok-poli[stirena-alt-(vinil
S asetat)]
S
SSSSSSSSSSVVVVVVVVVMMMMMMMM
Poli[stirena-blok-(vinil asetat) -blok-(metil metakrilat)]
BBBBBBBBBBBVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV
M M
M M
M M
Polibutadiena-blok-poli[(vinil
asetat)-cangkok-[(metil
M M
metakrilat)-blok-butadiena] B B
B B
B B
B B
MBMMBVBVVMBBMMVBBMV
Poli[(metil metakrilat)-ko-butadiena-ko-(vinil asetat)]