Introduction:

“Green”

1
Define
Green !!
Meaning:
Green

Money
New/Beginner
Environment Friendly
“Green” in today’s
perspective

It’s used in a way

which portrays an
environment friendly
quality of an activity or
a product
The Way
forward !!
Terms: Impact on the
Planet
Ecological
Footprint
 It is a measure of human demand on
the earth’s ecosystem.
 It’s a tool for estimating the consumption
(or) depletion of earth’s resources for our
day-to-day needs and activities
 It is a standard measurement of a unit’s
influence on its habitat based on
CONSUMPTION and POLLUTION
 Units: Global Hectares (gha)
Bio-
Capacity
 It is the earth’s capacity to
regenerate its resources
 The total amount
of productive area
available
Ecological
Overshoot
 It is the deficit created when the human
footprint is larger than the biocapacity
 It first happened in mid of 1980’s and kept on
increasing ever since
Five Factors influencing Ecological Overshoot

 Population
 Consumption of goods and services
per person
 Footprint Intensity
 Bioproductive area
 Bioproductivity
Population

 Fewer offspring
 Offering women access to better
education, economic opportunities,
health care opportunities are
proven approaches
 These investments also enhance
the health and educational
outcomes of their children
Consumption

 Reduction of goods and services per

person
• Potential depends on the economic
situation
 People living below the poverty line
have to increase consumption to
move out of poverty
 The more affluent people can
reduce consumption without
compromising their quality of life !!
Intensity of the Footprint

 The amount of resources consumed

during production of goods and services
can be significantly reduced
• Energy Efficiency
• Manufacturing process and equipment
• Home appliances
• Minimizing waste generation
• Reuse and Recycle
• Efficient Transport
• Reduced usage of distance goods
Bioproductive area

 Lands which are degraded can be

reclaimed through careful
management
 Through Terracing and Irrigation,
marginal lands can be more
productive
 Good land management will ensure
that the bioproductive areas are not
lost
Bioproductivity
 The yield or productivity of an area
 Depends on the ecosystem andthe
way it is managed
 Agricultural tech can boost productivity but can
also diminish bio-diversity
 Energy Intensive agriculture and heavy reliance
on fertilizer
• May yield results but at a larger footprint associated
with increased inputs
• Impoverish soil which leads to reduced soil fertility
 Climate change mitigation can also help maintain
yield !!
Today, the Earth’s human
population of Earth is about
7.62 billion and the ecological
footprint of the planet is so
high that it will take nearly 1.7
Earths to fulfil the demands of
this population.
According to the National Footprints Accounts
(2014), India has an ecological footprint of 1.12
global hectares (gha) per person and a biocapacity
of 0.45 gha per person which means it is a
‘biocapacity debtor’ or an ‘ecologically deficit
country’ with there being a 148 per cent more
demand than supply on its natural resources.
How to approach this
deficit ?
Sustainabilit
y
Sustainabilit
y
 “Sustainable development meets
the needs of the present without
compromising the future
generations ability to meet their
own”
World commission on Environment and
Development, UN in 1983
Sustainability -
Approach  Triple Bottom Line (TBL) or (3BL)
• Captures an expanded spectrum of values
and criteria for measuring organizational
success
• Economic (or) Financial
• Social
• Ecology (or) Environment
• Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
• Initiatives followed by firms
demonstrating their TBL approach and
activities
• “People, Planet & Profit” (or) “The Three
Pillars”
Peopl
e  Human
 Capital
Perceiveson implying fair and
business
beneficialpractices towards labour,
community
the in the region of their
 business Few issues like:
• No child labour
• Fair pay for its workers
• Maintain safe work environment
• “Give Back”
• By contributing strength and growth of its community
such as health care and education
 Quantifying this bottom line is subjective and
also problematic
• Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) has
come up with
guidelines to enable corporations and NGO’s
to comparably report on the social
impact of a business
Plan
et  Natural Capital
 Sustainable Environmental
 Practices Few issues like:
• No harm to the environment
• Operating at better SEC
• values
• Reducing Manufacturing waste generation
“Cradle-to-Grave”
• Uppermost approach for Manufacturing businesses
• Conducting a “Life Cycle Assessment”
•Will determine the true impact of the manufactured
product on the
• No disposal of toxic and other harmful wastes into the
environment/ecology
environment
 TBL approach: “ Ecologically
destructive
manufacturing must not be given a free ride
in the society”
Prof
it  Economic capital
 Within a sustainability framework, the
‘profit’ is seen as the real economic
impact the organization has on its
economic environment
 In TBL approach
• Traditional accounting profit + Social &
Environmental impacts, unless the profits of other
entities are included as social benefits
How to aware people of these activities of
the companies ?
Sustainability
Reporting The trend of publishing Financial reports
annually or quarterly has been a practice
• Done for displaying the financial position of the
to the stakeholders
firm
 As the awareness on the environmental issues
has risen, the stakeholders are required to know
the environmental impact of the firm
 This led to publishing “Sustainability Report”
 The key organization which standardized the
reporting format and ensures the quality of the
report is “Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)”
Greenhouse
Effect
“Venus is too hot, Mars is too cold, and Earth is
just right."

Reason – Green House effect !

A planet' s climate is decided by its mass, its distance from
the sun and the composition of its atmosphere
"Venus is too hot, Mars is too cold, and Earth
is just right."
 Temperature depends on Green
House effect
 Mars has a thin atmosphere
 0.03 % of atmosphere is CO2
 Temp of (-) 50°C
 Lower than our deep freeze !
 Venus has a thick cloud
 95 % of atmosphere is CO2
 Temp of 420°C

 Bake a cake !
Green House Gases
(GHG)
Green House effect
How are humans impacting the greenhouse effect?
Human activities are changing Earth's natural greenhouse effect.
Burning fossil fuels like coal and oil puts more carbon dioxide into our
atmosphere.
NASA has observed increases in the amount of carbon dioxide and
some other greenhouse gases in our atmosphere. Too much of these
greenhouse gases can cause Earth's atmosphere to trap more and
more heat. This causes Earth to warm up.
What are greenhouse gases?
Greenhouse gases are gases in Earth’s atmosphere that trap
heat. They let sunlight pass through the atmosphere, but they
prevent the heat that the sunlight brings from leaving the
atmosphere. The main greenhouse gases are:
•Water vapor
•Carbon dioxide
•Methane
•Ozone
•Nitrous oxide
•Chlorofluorocarbons
GHG Concentration
levels GHG Unit GWP
1 CO2 ppm 1
2 CH4 ppb 25
3 N2O(Nitrous Oxide) ppb 298
4 CFC 12 ppt 10900
5 HFC 134a ppt 1430
6 Sulphur ppt 22800
Hexafluoride(SF6 

GWP – Global Warming Potential

* Effect of Man-made GHG’s : Equivalent to 1 % increase in power of
sun
Average temp of earth : 15 deg C
Without GHG : - 17. 8deg C
What reduces the greenhouse effect on Earth?
Just like a glass greenhouse, Earth's greenhouse is also
full of plants! Plants can help to balance the greenhouse
effect on Earth. All plants — from giant trees to tiny
phytoplankton in the ocean — take in carbon dioxide and
give off oxygen.
The ocean also absorbs a lot of excess carbon dioxide in
the air. Unfortunately, the increased carbon dioxide in the
ocean changes the water, making it more acidic. This is
called ocean acidification.
More acidic water can be harmful to many ocean
creatures, such as certain shellfish and coral. Warming
oceans — from too many greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere — can also be harmful to these organisms.
Warmer waters are a main cause of coral bleaching.
https://ourworldindata.org/co2/country/india?
country=~IND#what-share-of-global-co2-
emissions-are-emitted-by-the-country
What is Global
Warming ?
Global
Warming
 The Greenhouse effect helps sustain life
on planet Earth !!
• The Greenhouse Gases are responsible
• Warming is the output
 From the Industrial era, the amount of
Greenhouse Gases have risen
tremendously
• This is creating tha
greater“Warming” required n
• Effect: Rising Global Temperature
Climate
Change !
Climate
Change
 Impact of GHG on climate change
• Proven beyond doubt
 Several countries
• Already impacted by climate change
• Business, agriculture, services,
economy affected
 Need to evolvea holistic
approach globally to combat climate
change
Climate Change - Potential
Impacts Sea
Level
• Rise of 1-3 feet in the next 100
 years
Melting of
Glaciers
• Threat for drinking
 water
Health
Impacts
• Increased disease
waterborne
(particularly
 diseases)
Climate
• Erratic
monsoons
• Droughts
 • Cyclones
Agricult
ure
• Net Loss in world’s food
supply
Effect on Glaciers
https://www.youtube.com/w
atch?v=pIxRVfCpA64
Himalayan
Glacier
 Covers 17% of greater Himalayan
region
 Largest area after polar regions
• 113,000 square km area
 9 largest rives serving 1.3 billion people
 Gangotri
• Rate of depletion is 3 times more than the
200 year depletion rate
Gangotri Glacier Retreat

Presenter: Ravi Teja Pabbisetty 52

IPCC http://www.ipcc.ch/

Intergovernmental
Panel for
 Climate Change
Introductio
n• Established by UNEP and WMO
• To provide the world
with knowledgeon climate
change potentialenvironmental,
its and
socio and economic
 impacts
A Scientific body
• 194 countries are a part of it
• Head quarters is located
in Geneva, Switzerland

Presenter: Ravi Teja Pabbisetty 53

UNFCCC http://unfccc.int/
 United Nations
Convention
Framework on Climate Change
 Introduction
• Various countries have joined hands
in the form of an International treaty
• Established with a focus on what can
be done to reduce global warming
and to cope with the inevitable rise in
temperatures
 Kyoto Protocol was framed on 11th
December 1997
Kyoto Protocol
 An International Agreement on Climate
Change
• Adopted in Kyoto, Japan
• 16thFebruary 2005 (entered into force)
 Introductio
n• Set binding targets for 37 industrialized countries
European
and community to reduce GHG
•emissions
5% against 1990 level over 5 year period (2008-
• Established
2012) a mechanism to appreciate the nations
which have implemented
•itEmission trading
• Clean Development
Mechanism
• Joint Implementation
•These mechanism stimulated the Green Investment
market !!!!
WRI http://www.wri.org/
 World Resources
 Initiative Introduction
• A Global Environment Think Tank
• Provides practical strategies for
putting research ideas into
implementation on environmental
fronts
 Work with
companies and civil society to
government,
build solutions to urgent
environmental challenges
CII
www.cii
.in/  Confederation of Indian
 Industry Introduction
• Non-government, Not-for-Profit, Industry
led and Industry managed organization
• CII catalyses change by working closely
with government on policy issues,
enhance efficiency and expand business
opportunities for Industry
 Established 7 Centres
of Excellence on different
fronts
CII – Godrej GBC http://www.greenbusinesscentre.com/

 Sohrabji Godrej Green Business

 Centre
Introductio
n• A Centre of Excellence
• 3dr Green Building in the world, 1stoutside USA
• Offers advisory services to industry
Environmental
on aspects in the areas
•ofGreen Buildings
• Energy Efficiency
• Water Management
• Renewable Energy
• Green business incubation and
Climate Change activities
 Works closely with various
international
organizations like WRI, Global
Footprint
Network, Climate Leaders, US
AID, UNEP, Asia-Pacific
Partnership and many others