Prepared By:

Anirban Dutta &

Dibyaranjan Parasar Sarma
About Abhinab Enterprise

 It was established in 2017

 It is owned by Abhinab Saikia
 It is a factory located in Garamur, Jorhat
 It produces paver blocks, tiles and bricks
 Total number of labourers – 10
 Annual turnover is 10 lakhs approx.
Types of Products

 Tiles : Gems Jupiter and Galaxy

 Paver Blocks : Zigzag Milano

Cosmic Dumbbell
The Manufacturing Process

Once the raw materials are processed, a number of steps take place to obtain the
finished product. These steps include batching, mixing and grinding, forming,
drying, glazing, and firing. Many of these steps are now accomplished using
automated equipment.
 Batching

 Batching is the process in which the quantity or proportion of materials

like cement, aggregates, water, etc. are measured on the basis of either
weigh or volume to prepare concrete. Proper Batching improves the
workability of concrete by reducing the segregation or bleeding in
concrete. It helps to get a smooth surface of the concrete. It also
increases the speed of construction and minimizes the wastage of
concrete ingredients. Hence, batching of concrete is an essential process
while making the concrete mix.
 Mixing and Grinding
Once the ingredients are weighed, they are added together into a shell
mixer, ribbon mixer, or intensive mixer. A shell mixer consists of two
cylinders joined into a V, which rotates to tumble and mix the material. A
ribbon mixer uses helical vanes, and an intensive mixer uses rapidly
revolving plows. This step further grinds the ingredients, resulting in a
finer particle size that improves the subsequent forming process.
 Forming

After mixing and grinding the Hydraulic Tile Pressing Machine is

used to give the concrete mix desired shape. They use plastic and
concrete paver mould to form the paver blocks and tiles.
 Drying

Ceramic tile usually must be dried (at high relative humidity) after
forming, especially if a wet method is used. Drying, which can take
several days, removes the water at a slow enough rate to prevent shrinkage
cracks. Continuous or tunnel driers are used that are heated using gas or
oil, infrared lamps, or microwave energy. Infrared drying is better suited
for thin tile, whereas microwave drying works better for thicker tile.
Another method, impulse drying, uses pulses of hot air flowing in the
transverse direction instead of continuously in the material flow direction.
 Glazing
After a batch formulation is calculated, the raw materials are weighed,
mixed and dry or wet milled. The milled glazes are then applied using one
of the many methods available. In centrifugal glazing or discing, the glaze
is fed through a rotating disc that flings or throws the glaze onto the tile. In
the bell/waterfall method, a stream of glaze falls onto the tile as it passes
on a conveyor underneath. Sometimes, the glaze is simply sprayed on. For
multiple glaze applications, screen printing on, under, or between tile that
have been wet glazed is used. In this process, glaze is forced through a
screen by a rubber squeegee or other device. Dry glazing is also being
used. This involves the application of powders, crushed frits (glass
materials), and granulated glazes onto a wet-glazed tile surface. After
firing, the glaze particles melt into each other to produce a surface like
granite.
 Firing

After glazing, the tile must be heated intensely to strengthen it and

give it the desired porosity. Firing in a tunnel kiln can take two to
three days, with firing temperatures around 2,372 degrees
Fahrenheit (1,300 degrees Celsius). After firing and testing, the tile
is ready to be packaged and shipped.
THANK YO
U