Chemical elements and water

3.1
 Chemical elements in living things
3.1.1
• Carbon

• Hydrogen

• Oxygen

• Nitrogen
 3.1.2 other elements are needed by
living organisms
• Sulfur
• Calcium
• Phosphorus
• Iron
• sodium
 3.1.3 The role of each elements
• Nitrogen: Part of the amine
groups of amino acids and
therefore proteins
• Calcium: Needed to make
the mineral that strengthens
bones and teeth
• Phosphorus: Part of the
phosphate groups in ATP
and DNA molecules
• Iron: Needed to make
hemoglobin and thus to
carry oxygen in blood
• Sodium: used in neurons
(nerve cells)for the
transmission of nerve
impulses
3.1.4 Draw &label the structure of water
molecule
3.1.5 /3.1.6Outline the thermal, cohesive and solvent properties of
water
• Cohesion: Water molecule stick to each other because of
hydrogen bonds. (Strong pulling forces can be exerted to
suck columns of water up to the top of the tallest trees.)
• Solvent: Different substances dissolve in water because of its
polarity. (allow many substances to be carried dissolved in
water in the blood of animals and the sap of plants)
• Thermal p. : High heat capacity (ability to accept a lot of
heat).
Boiling : high temp. because, to change it from liquid to a
gas, hydrogen bond need to be broken. (Natural habitats
rare boil)
Freezing: it becomes less dense as it cools to freezing point,
ice forms at the surface first. (Living organisms can survive)
Evaporate: at temp. below boiling point. Hydrogen bond
break. (transpiration, sweating = useful cooling effects)
 Organism and properties of water
1. Coolant: water requires high input of energy to break hydrogen
bond and turn it from liquid to water vapour.
• Plants: transpiration ; mammals: sweating
2. Medium for metabolic reactions: good solvent ; liquid between 0-
100°C.
• Water habitat dissolves substances that can be absorbed by
organism.
• Watery cytoplasm, for metabolic reaction
3. Transport: heat transport
4. Good solvent: Habitat dissolves ions that can be absorb by
organism
• Excretory: remove waste product.
• Substance transported: circulatory system
5. Cohesion: Water molecule evaporate from surface of leaf.
Dissolved substance are transported.
6. Transparent : light can be penetrated through water, and plants
can do photosynthesis.
Solvent
Thermal properties