JU S T I C E &

FA I R N E S S :
PROMO T I N G T H E
C OM M O N G O O D

ESPINOZA, DAENIELLE AUDREY

M.
THE NATURE OF THE
THEORY
 JOHN RAWLS
(1921 – 2002)

• THE FIRST AND UNIQUE CONTRIBUTOR TO THE STUDY

OF ETHICS.

• PROFESSOR OF PHILOSOPHY AT HARVARD UNIVERSITY

• HE DEVELOP THE “THE THEORY OF THE GOOD AS
JUSTICE AND JUSTICE CONCEIVED AS FAIRNESS.

• JUSTICE MEANS GIVING EACH PERSON WHAT HE OR SHE

DESERVES OR, IN MORE TRADITIONAL TERMS, GIVING
EACH PERSON HIS OR HER DUE.
THREE KINDS OF JUSTICE
COMPENSATORY JUSTICE

REFERS TO THE JUST WAY OF COMPENSATING

PEOPLE FOR WHAT THEY LOST AS A RESULT OF
WRONGFUL ACTIONS DONE ON THEM.
RETRIBUTIVE JUSTICE

REFERS TO THE JUST IMPOSITION OF

PUNISHMENTS AND PENALTIES ON THOSE
GUILTY OF PERFORMING WRONGFUL ACTS.
DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE
REFERS TO THE JUST DISTRIBUTION OF BENEFITS
(SUCH AS RIGHTS & SOCIOECONOMIC GOODS) AND
BURDENS (SUCH AS SACRIFICE AND OBLIGATIONS).
A) EGALITARIANISM
• THIS THEORY CLAIMS THAT A CERTAIN
DISTRIBUTION IS JUST IF EVERY MEMBER OF A
GROUP RECEIVES AN EQUAL SHARE OF THE
DISTRIBUTION. ON THE LEVEL OF STATES (OR
GOVERNMENTAL) DISTRIBUTIONS.
B) CAPITALIST JUSTICE
• THIS THEORY CLAIMS THAT A CERTAIN
DISTRIBUTION IS JUST IF EVERY MEMBER OF A
GROUP RECEIVES HIS OR HER SHARE IN THE
DISTRIBUTION ACCORDING TO OR IN PROPORTION
TO HIS OR HER CONTRIBUTION TO THE SUCCESS
OF THE GOALS OF THE GROUP.
C) SOCIALIST JUSTICE
• THIS THEORY CLAIMS THAT A CERTAIN
DISTRIBUTION IS JUST IF EVERY MEMBER OF THE
GROUP RECEIVES HIS OR HER SHARE IN THE
DISTRIBUTION ACCORDING TO OR IN PROPORTION
TO HIS OR HER NEEDS
THANK YOU! 
QUESTIONS (5 POINTS EACH)
1. WHICH OF THE THREE THEORIES OF DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE DO YOU THINK MUST BE IMPLEMENTED OR
APPLIED HERE IN OUR COUNTRY?
2. WHAT DO YOU THINK ARE THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF IMPLEMENTING RETRIBUTIVE
JUSTICE?
3. EXPLAIN.