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DER S T A ND I NG O F M O R AL
UN
BEHAVIOR
MORALS
•MORALS ARE THE PREVAILING STANDARDS OF BEHAVIOR
THAT ENABLE PEOPLE TO LIVE COOPERATIVELY IN GROUPS.
•MORAL REFERS TO WHAT SOCIETIES SANCTION AS RIGHT
AND ACCEPTABLE.
MORAL BEHAVIOR
•ACTION OR ACTIONS THAT
PRODUCE GOOD OUTCOMES FOR
THE INDIVIDUALS AS MEMBERS OF
A COMMUNITY OR SOCIETY.
MORAL BEHAVIOR
•RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY SHAPE
CULTURE.
•THIS CULTURE IS REFLECTED IN THE
PEOPLE’S BEHAVIOR AND WAYS.
WESTERN ETHICAL TRADITIONS
•EUROPEAN TRADITIONS ARTICULATE THE GOOD AND LIVE IN A WAY THAT
REALIZES THE GOOD.
•IT FOLLOWS THE ROOTEDNESS OF NORMS ON THE NATURAL LAW TO THEIR
GROUNDING IN REASON AND THE EVENTUAL EMPLOYMENT OF DISCOURSE
THEORY TO ARRIVE AT A SHARED CONCEPTION OF THE GOOD IN A
MULTIVERSE OF SOCIETY.
ASIAN ETHICAL TRADITIONS
•ANOTHER TRADITION OF THINKING ABOUT THE GOOD HAS SURFACED
THAT IS WORTH CONSIDERING FOR A FULLER UNDERSTANDING OF
HOW PEOPLE ORIENT THEIR LIVES TO THE GOOD.
•THIS TRADITION COMES FROM THE GREAT CIVILIZATIONS OF THE
EAST, PARTICULARLY FROM INDIA AND CHINA.
ASIAN ETHICAL TRADITIONS
4. ENLIGHTENMENT
5. THESE GREAT TEACHINGS OFFER PATHS OF “HARMONY WITH
ONESELF, WITH OTHERS, WITH NATURE, WITH A
TRANSCENDENT.”
THE VEDAS AND UPANISHADS
• VEDAS – SOME OF THE OLDEST PHILOSOPHICAL WRITINGS IN THE
WORLD.
• RITA – RIGHT ORDER OF THE UNIVERSE
• UPANISHADS – COLLECTIONS OF THE RETHINKING OF THE
REVELATIONS OF THE VEDAS.
UPANISHADS
• MOKSHA – STATE OF ENLIGHTENMENT THAT LIBERATES PERSONS
FROM THE CYCLE OF BIRTH AND REBIRTH TO A STATE OF
STILLNESS AND A ROOTEDNESS IN THE ETERNAL.
• ATMAN– SELF THAT UNDERLIES ALL BEING.
BUDDHISM
• BUDDHISM WAS BORN FROM THE ENLIGHTENMENT OF GAUTAMA
BUDDHA WHO LIVED BETWEEN THE 6TH AND 4TH BCE.
• HE DISCOVERED THAT ENLIGHTENMENT AND SALVATION COULD
BE ACHIEVED IN THE ORDINARY HUMAN LIFE IF PEOPLE ARE
ENLIGHTENED ABOUT THE NATURE OF SUFFERING.
FOUR TRUTHS/CHATVARI-ARYA-SATYANI