SKIN and BODY MEMBRANES

Body Membranes

Body membranes cover surfaces, line

body cavities, and form protective sheets
around organs

Function of body
• Line or cover body surfaces
• Protect body surfaces
• Lubricate body surfaces
Classification of Body Membranes

Epithelial membranes
• Cutaneous membrane
• Mucous membrane
• Serous membrane

Connective tissue membranes

 Cutaneous Membrane
• Cutaneous membrane = skin
- A dry membrane
- Outermost protective boundary

• Superficial epidermis
- Keratinized stratified squamous
epithelium

• Underlying dermis
- Mostly dense (fibrous) connective tissue
 Mucous Membranes

• composed of epithelium (type depends on site)

• underlying loose connective tissue (lamina propria)

• lines all body cavities that open to

the exterior body surface

• Wet membranes bathed in secretions

• often adapted for absorption

or secretion
 Serous Membranes
• surface simple squamous epithelium
• underlying areolar connective tissue
• lines open body cavities are closed to the
exterior of the body
• occur in pairs – parietal and
visceral
• serous layers separated by
serous fluid
Specific serous membranes

• Peritoneum
-Abdominal cavity
• Pleura
- Around the lungs
• Pericardium
- Around the heart
Connective Tissue Membrane
• Synovial membrane
- Areolar connective tissue only
- Lines fibrous capsules
- Line small sac of connective tissue
called bursae and
the tube-like tendon
sheaths
 Integumentary System
 Skin (cutaneous membrane)
 Skin derivatives
- Sweat glands
- Oil glands
- Hairs
- Nails
 Skin Functions
 Synthesizes vitamin D
 Aids in excretion of salts, urea and uric acid
 Aids in heat regulation
 Aids in excretion of urea and uric acid
 Protects deeper tissues from:
- Mechanical damage
- Chemical damage
- Bacterial damage
- Thermal damage
- Ultraviolet radiation
- Desiccation
Skin Structure
Epidermis
 Layers of Epidermis
• Stratum basale (stratum germinativum)
- is the deepest layer
- contains melanocytes.
• Stratum spinosum (prickle cell layer)
• Stratum granulosum
- full of keratin/keratinized
• Stratum lucidum
- not present in all skin regions,
present in thicker skin and hairless (palms
and feet) palms and soles
• Stratum corneum
- the uppermost layer, made up of keratin and horny scales made
up of dead keratinocytes, known as anucleate squamous cells
Dermis
Structure in the Dermis
Structure in the Dermis
Structure in the Dermis
Structure in the Dermis
Hypodermis / Deep Subcutaneous Tissue

• the deepest layer of

skin
• contains adipose
lobules along with
some skin
appendages (the
hair follicles,
sensory neurons,
and blood vessels)
Melanin
Melanin
Burns
Skin Cancer
Skin Cancer
Skin Cancer
Skin Cancer