CIGARETTE SMOKING HEREDITARY

AIR POLLUTION

INFILTRATION OF INFLAMMATORY CELLS &

RELEASE OF CYTOKINES

PROTEASE ACTIVITY

DESTRUCTION OF ALVEOLAR
WALLS & LOSS OF ELASTIC
PROPERTY OF BONCHIAL WALLS
( EMPHYSEMA )
LOSS OF ALVEOLAR
AIR VOLUME IN THE ACINUS
ELASTICITY
PORTION CAPILLARY BED OF
ABILITY OF LUNGS TO RECOIL AN ALVEOLUS IS ELIMINATED CHANGE IN AIRWAY SIZE
AFTER EXPANDING
AIRWAY UNABLE TO OPEN
COMPLETELY DYSPNEA
WHEEZING
BRONCHIOLAR COLLAPSE ON
EXPIRATION
AMOUNT OF AIR EXPIRED

WHEEZING
AIR TRAPPED

LUNG CAPACITY AND

OVERDISTENDED LUNGS
RESIDUAL VOLUME

BARREL CHEST AMOUNT OF AIR INSPIRED HYPOVENTILATION CHEST EXPANSION

PROLONGED CLUBBING OF TOES/

OXYGENATION
HYPOXIA FINGERS
TACHYPNEA
 SMOKING
HEREDITARY
POLLUTION

IRRITATION OF RESPIRATORY
TRACT

INFLAMMATION OF
RESPIRATORY TRACT

BRONCHITIS

CONSTRICTION OF
HYPERTROPHY OF GOBLET CELLS OBSTRUCTED AIRWAY WHEEZING
BRONCHIOLES

INCREASE PRODUCTION OF DIFFICULTY BREATHING HYPOXIA

MUCUS

LUNG VENTILATION PERFUSION CO2 RETENTION IN THE

STIMULATES COUGH REFLEX DEFECT BLOOD

HYPOXEMIA RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS

POLYCYTHEMIA

CYANOSIS
 POLLUTION HEREDITARY

ASTHMA

INFLAMMATION OF AIRWAYS

HYPERSECRETION OF MUSCLE CONSTRICTION OF SWELLING OF BRONCHIAL

MUCUS AIRWAY MUSCLE MEMBRANES

BRONCHOCONSTRICTION

DOB WHEEZING COUGHING