PAPER 1

CORROSION OF BIOMATERIALS:
ANODIC TREATMENT AND
EVALUATION OF 316 L SS IN SMF
Process Description:
Here the anodic surface treatment method is used using H 3PO4 and H2SO4 of different compositions.
The idea is that using the surface treatment may help with the surface roughness that enables a
protective film which might degrade the corrosion totally.
Following is the composition of the simulated body fluid used in the experiment:

The following graph represents the rate of corrosion having different compositions:
The comparison between different set of compositions
 OPTIMUM CONDITION
(FOR LEAST CORROSION)

1. Best composition: 90:10 (H3PO4: H2SO4)

2. Voltage: 5V
3. Temperature: 90o
4. Electropolishing time: 15 min
 PAPER 2
(CORROSION STUDY ON LASER SHOCK PEENED 316L
STAINLESS STEEL IN SBF AND CHLORINE
 CO N C E P T

Laser Shock peening is a surface preparation method that helps to prevent the
pitting corrosion and Stress corrosion cracking to an extend. The journal described
the aspects regarding its parametric values.
For the experiment Hanks solution and chlorine solution used and the results are
discussed .
Experimental detail:
Focal length: 400mm , Diameter of lens : 3mm , Pvc based tape thickness: 125
micrometre ,laser energy: 2.5J ,pulse width: 8ms
Mashed with lacquer to avoid any crevice attack during the test
 CONCLUSION

• Higher value of pitting value means the better pitting corrosion resistance and
lower current density
• pH and conductivity of NaCl solution increased which means ionic dissolution
during corrosion experiment
• More protective passive film is formed making high resistance to corrosion
• Less pitting site in laser pitted model
 PAPER 3
(CORROSION BEHAVIOUR OF SS 316L IN AQUEOUS
SOLUTION)
This study concluded the corrosion resistance of SS also additionally with hydroxyapatite . In the
experiment a set of ringers solution has been considered and the analysis of with and without the hAp
is calculated.
The preparation involves simple electrodeposition and powder pressing method.

This study concludes that at the ringers solution both the samples can be passivated . In case of 0.1M
HCl or higher , the corrosion resistance decreases with increasing hAp content.
 PAPER 4
( C H A R A CT ER I S ATI O N O F D I FF E RE N T M ATE RI A LS C O RR O S I O N
RE SI STA N CE AT SI MU LATE D BO D Y F LU I D )
 CONCEPT

• This study describes the corrosion resistance Ti-6Al-4V , SS 316 and cobalt
• The temperature is kept at 37 degree Celsius and the pH is kept at round about 7.4
• Hanks solution is used
• The total amount of solution taken in the cell is about 600 ml. Argon gas was used for de-
aeration of the electrolyte.
• Potentio dynamic tests were carried out to determine the breakdown potentials as well as
corrosion rates of different materials.
• Then the following graph explains the difference between those materials.
The graph clearly illustrated that the SS 314 dominates in terms of corrosion resistance of a biomaterial .
Also cobalt has the worst corrosion resistance in terms of the compared material .
 PAPER 5
METALLIC BIODEGRADABLE MATERIAL ASPECT
OF MANGANESE IRON
 CONCEPT

• Austenitic Fe–Mn alloys are known as valid substitutes for the conventional Fe–Cr–Ni
austenitic alloys
• Ni being expensive can be readily exchanged by cheap Mn
• 29 percent Mn provides autenitic structure which is anti ferromagnetic
• Fine particles in regard to powder metallurgy is used that helps to remove micro
segregation
• The sample preparation involves powder pressing, rolling at a certain rpm and then
sintering multiple times at a varied temperature
• Further the sample was sintered and furnace cooled and then quenched
The corrosion potential of the Fe35Mn specimens is lower than that of pure iron. Furthermore, it is
shown that as processing goes from Step A to Step C, the corrosion potential tends to decrease. Also MnO
inclusion is not discussed and it is expected that its presence will greatly increase the corrosion reaction by
providing addition sites for nucleation.
 PAPER 6
C EL L V I A BI LI T Y ST U D I ES O N N I C K EL FRE E S TA I N LE S S
S T EE L
 CONCEPT

• Austenitic stainless steel is in general highly biocompatible and has wide range of
application. Ni free alloys are in general cheap
• The process is divided into 4 type of composition and a comparative study has been
made
• The manufacturing has been done in the powder pressing route
• The set of compositions are
 CONCLUSION

1) By increasing the sintering aid content and thereby lowering the porosity level, the corrosion
potential increased. The corrosion potential of 316L was close to that of Sample B
2) The passive current density showed a dependency on the composition, density, and grain
structure. The passive current density ranked in this order: B,316L,A,C.
3) The pitting resistance of the samples followed the trend predicted by the PRE numbers: with
the highest resistance for the sample sintered without the additive and the lowestfor 316L.
4) The polarization resistance, estimated from the impedance measurements (film resistance),
decreased in this order:B>316L>A>C.
5) The study of cell culturing for 1 day on the samples showed their biocompatibility and
obeyed the rank obtained from the impedance evaluations.