Seed Marketing in India-Current Status,Trends,

Market structure, Infrastructure

Presented :- by
Muddasir Ahmad
Akhoon
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 Seed as an Important Agricultural Input

Quality seed is a critical input in agriculture upon which

performance of other input factors (agrochemical,
irrigation, mechanisation) depend heavily to increase
production and productivity.
India ranks first with 179.8 million hectare net cropland
area according to United States of Geological Survey 2017
according to economic survey to India 2017-18.
67 % of total holdings are by marginal farmers with
average holding of just 0.39 hectare and 17.9 % small
farmers with average farm size of 1.42 hectare. Although
marginal and small farmers possess 85 percent of total
holding and cultivated 44.6 % area.

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 Contd.......

 Informal seed sector comprising mainly farm saved

seeds which accounts 65-70 percent according to
department of Agriculture Cooperation and Farmers
Welfare report 2016.

 According to report of NSSO (2012-13) at all India level

average expenditure on crop production per cultivating
agricultural household, about 24 % on expenditure
was made on fertilisers and manures, 21 percent on
human labour and nearly just 11 percent of the total
expenditure made on seeds .

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 Stages of Seed Production

Nucleus Seed

Breeder Seed

Foundation Seed

Certified seed

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Production of Breeder, Foundation and Certified
Seed in India ( 2008-09 to 2017-18)
Year Production Breeder Production of Distribution of
of Seed ( in 000 Foundation Seed certified seeds (in
Qtls) (in Lakh Qtls) lakh quintals)

2008-2009 9441 96274 2503500

2009-2010 10683 114638 2797200
2010-2011 11921 180640 3213592
2011-2012 12338 222681 3536200
2012-2013 11020 161700 3285800
2013-2014 8229 174307 3473130
2014-2015 8621 157616 3517664
2015-2016 8621.32 149542 3435248
2016-2017 11071.44 220907 3802904
2017-2018 11232.75 195415 4194111

Source- Agristat 5
 Impact of Quality Seed on Agricultural
Production
Year Food Grain Cotton Oil Seed
Production production Production
(Million Tones) (Million Bales) (Million Tonnes)

1950-51 50.82 3.04 5.16

1960-61 82.02 5.6 6.98
1970-71 108.42 4.76 9.63
1980-81 129.59 7.01 9.37
1990-91 176.59 9.84 18.61
2000-01 195.93 9.65 18.4
2011-12 259.32 35.2 28.82

Source:- Indian Council of Food and Agriculture (2014) 6

Quality Certification Standards

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 National Seed Conference 2019
• The seed of newly released high yielding varieties of different crop should
be made available to farmers on time.
• Promotion of stress tolerant, climate resilient varieties to meet the
requirement of climate change. Inclusion of bio-fortified varieties in
public distribution system should be encouraged to cope up nutrition
deficiency in the areas of malnutrition.
•  Focus on preparation of dynamic seed rolling plan by States Government
that include newly releases short & medium duration high yielding
varieties of different crops.
• To popularize newly released varieties farm demonstration & awareness
programs for farmers to be organized by the state government.
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• Capacity building by means of trainings for officials of seed law
enforcement agencies, seed certification agencies, seed testing labs
to be carried out.
• Mechanism of seed traceability by seed bar-coding will be
developed to ensure availability of quality seed to farmers 

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 Quantity of Seeds Sold in India
Type % of Total SRR Leading Players R&D
market Intensity
Value

Variety 12 20-80% small regional Low

players & govt.
agencies
.
Hybrid 63 100% Syngenta, Dupont, Medium
Mahyco,, Bioseed ,
Rasi, Baye

Genetically 25 100% Monsanto, Dupont, High

Modified Syngenta, Rassi,
(GM) Pioneer

Source:- Indian Council of Food and Agriculture . 10

 Indian Seed Market Structure

Source:- Indian Council of Food and Agriculture (2014)

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 Seed Vaue Chain:- Stakeholders
Crop-wise Requirement and Availability (Public and Private) of
Certified/Quality Seeds in India
(2016-2017 and 2017-2018) (In Lakh Quintal)

2016-2017 2017-2018
Crops Availability Require- Availability
Requirement
Public Pvt. Total ment Public Pvt. Total
Wheat 117.55 61.67 74.91 136.58 121.26 55.40 94.37 149.77
Paddy. 87.74 63.14 37.33 100.47 89.50 52.47 51.60 104.07
Barley 2.44 0.58 2.37 2.95 2.30 1.07 2.41 3.48
Maize 12.47 1.67 11.87 13.54 14.46 1.36 14.32 15.68
Bajra 2.36 0.25 2.39 2.64 2.86 0.16 3.05 3.20
Jowar 2.82 0.80 2.09 2.89 3.34 0.99 2.53 3.52
Other 0.07 0.04 0.05 0.09 0.28 0.14 0.16 0.30
Cereals

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Source:- Indiaagristat
 Indian Seed Act-1966

It covers seeds of food crops, oil crops, cotton seeds, seeds of cattle fodder
and all types of vegetative propagating material.
It provides establishing a Central Seed Laboratory as well as State Seed
Laboratory to carry out seed analysis of notified variety
It. empowers the committee to fix the minimum limits of germination and
purity of seed for a variety to be notified as well as for marking or labelling
Regulation of sale of seeds of notified varieties by compulsory truthful
labelling revealing the true identity of the variety, germination as well as purity
Constituting a certification agency for undertaking the process of certification

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 Key Players of Indian Seed Industry

1. Monsanto
2. Rasi Seeds
3. Dupont
4. Syngenta
5. Dow Agrosciences
6. Bayer Crop Science

7. Mahyco biotech. Pvt. Ltd. 14

 4P’s of Seed Marketing

• Product:- The product is the focus of marketing. Although many

aspects of the product are not marketing responsibilities (such as plant
breeding, seed production and processing), marketing is concerned with
the product's attributes and what these mean to the farmer. Such factors
include quality, appearance and performance.

• Price:- Price creates sales revenue and is therefore important in

determining the total value of the sales made. Price is really determined
by what farmers perceive as the value of seed of a particular variety

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• Place:- The place factor deals with the various methods of
transporting and storing seeds and then making them available to the
farmer. Getting the product to the right place at the right time
depends on the distribution system. The choice of distribution
method will depend on market circumstances and the nature of both
the seed and the farmer.
• Promotion:-. Although the cost associated with promotion can
be a significant element in the overall cost of a product, successful
seed promotion increases sales so that costs are spread over a
larger output.
• While increased promotional activity may be a response to
competitor activity or a new product launch, it is important to
maintain a constant flow of messages to the consumer as well as
visibility in the market place

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 Types of Seed

There are mainly three varieties of seeds used in Indian

Agriculture.
1) Traditional Seeds- Those seeds which can be stored by
farmers for re-sowing in the next crop season.
2) Hybrid Seeds:- They are obtained by cross pollination of
different varieties of related plants and combine the desirable
properties of their parent plants.
3) GM seeds- They are developed by genetic engineering by
merging genes of different organisms( like bacterial genes with
plants) so as to yield the desired characteristics.

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List of GM Crops under Development in India
Crop GM Trait (S)

Cabbage Insect Resistance

Castor Insect Resistance

Cauliflower Insect Resistance

Corn Insect Resistance

Cotton Insect-herbicide resistance

Egg plant Insect resistance

Mustard Male sterility
Potato Insect resistance
Rice Insect resistance 18
 Why Bt-Cotton Pink Bollworm Infestation only in
India

• Bt hybrids are long duration hybrids.

• Intellectual property laws in India
• Hemizygous Bt hybrids

• Non-termination of crop
• Crop rotation
• Use of unapproved and unauthorised Bt seeds

• Use of F2 seeds of approved BG II cotton hybrids.

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 Growth Drivers of Indian Seed Market

Regulatory Framework

Research and Technology

Foreign Investment

Environment

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 Challenges Faced

Quality Price

Monopoly in GM
Timely availability
Technology

Lack of
Use of farm extension
saved seeds service 21
‘’Seed is a bridge of hope between present and
future and is inevitable for life’s continuity’’

Thank You

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