MATERI

Materi perkuliahan :

1. Struktur atom dan molekul

2. Konfigurasi elektron
Atomic Structure
 Atomic Structure
 Atom smallest particle of an element capable of
uncombined existence
 Molecule is smallest unit of compound or
substance; combination of 2 or more atoms
 Contains exceedingly small nucleus with all of the +
charge and most of total mass, protons, neutrons
 Electrons equal in number to protons, negative
charges surround nucleus
 Hydrogen simplest ( 1 proton, 1 electron)
 Helium next (2 protons, 2 electrons, 2 neutrons)
What are the 3 major parts of
an atom?
What are the 3 major parts of
an atom?
• Proton
• Neutron
• Electron
 Draw a diagram showing the
location of each part of the atom.
 Draw a diagram showing the location
of each part of the atom.

http://www.eskom.co.za/nuclear_energy/fuel/fuel.html
Draw a diagram showing the
charges of each part of the
atom.
Draw a Diagram of an Atom
Draw a diagram showing the charges of
each part of the atom.
 Describe Proton
• Protons are positively charged particles found in
the atomic nucleus. Protons were discovered by
Ernest Rutherford..
 Describe Neutron
• Neutrons are uncharged particles found in the
atomic nucleus. Neutrons were discovered by James
Chadwick in 1932.
 Describe Electron
Electrons are negatively charged particles that
surround the atom's nucleus. Electrons were
discovered by J. J. Thomson in 1897.
Electrons determine properties of the atom.
Chemical reactions involve sharing or exchanging
electrons.
 Describe Nucleus
The nucleus is the central part of an atom. It
is composed of protons and neutrons.
The nucleus contains most of an atom's
mass.
It was discovered by Ernest Rutherford in
1911.
 Subatomic Particles
Particle Charge Mass (g) Location

Electron
(e-) -1 9.11 x 10-28 Electron
cloud

Proton
(p+) +1 1.67 x 10-24 Nucleus
Neutron
(no) 0 1.67 x 10-24 Nucleus
 Complete Symbols
• Contain the symbol of the element, the
mass number and the atomic number.

Mass
Superscript → number

Subscript →
Atomic
number X
 Atomic Number
• Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and
electrons
– How then are atoms of one element different from
another element?
• Elements are different because they contain
different numbers of PROTONS
• The “atomic number” of an element is the number of
protons in the nucleus
• # protons in an atom = # electrons
 Atomic Number
Atomic number (Z) of an element is the number of
protons in the nucleus of each atom of that element.

Element # of protons Atomic # (Z)

Carbon 6 6

Phosphorus 15 15

Gold 79 79
 Mass Number
Mass number is the number of protons and
neutrons in the nucleus of an isotope:

Mass number = p+ + n0

Nuclide p+ n0 e- Mass
#
18 8 8 18
Oxygen - 10
Arsenic - 75 33 42 33 75

Phosphorus - 31 15 16 15 31
EXAMPLE
How many protons, neutrons and electrons are found in an
atom of
133
55 Cs
Atomic number = protons and electrons
There are 55 protons and 55 electrons

Mass number = sum of protons and neutrons

133 – 55 = 78
There are 78 neutrons
Hydrogen
Protons: 1
Neutrons: 0

H
1 Electrons: 1

1
Sodium Protons: 11
Neutrons: 12

Na
Electrons: 11
23

11
– When an atom or molecule gain or loses an
electron, it becomes an ion.
• A cation has lost an electron and therefore
has a positive charge
• An anion has gained an electron and therefore
has a negative charge.
 Charge
Atomic Mass
(if ion)
Symbol
Atomic Number
Sodium Protons: 11
Neutrons: 12
Electrons: 10

23

11
Na +
 Symbols
 Find each of these:
a) number of protons
80
Br
b) number of neutrons
c) number of electrons 35
d) Atomic number
e) Mass Number
 Symbols
 If an element has an atomic number of
34 and a mass number of 78, what is
the:
a) number of protons
b) number of neutrons
c) number of electrons
d) complete symbol
 Symbols
 If an element has 91 protons and 140
neutrons what is the
a) Atomic number
b) Mass number
c) number of electrons
d) complete symbol
 Symbols
 If an element has 78 electrons and 117
neutrons what is the
a) Atomic number
b) Mass number
c) number of protons
d) complete symbol
Rhenium

186

75 Re
Rhenium isotope

187

75 Re