Chapter 8

Minerals

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Chapter 8
Lesson 8.1

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 Key Concept
• The human body requires a variety of
minerals in different amounts to perform
numerous metabolic tasks.

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 The Nature of Body Minerals
• Classes of body minerals
 Major minerals
 Trace elements
• Functions of minerals
• Mineral metabolism
 Digestion
 Absorption
 Transport

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Chapter 8
Lesson 8.2

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 Key Concepts
• A mixed diet of varied foods and adequate
energy value is the best source of the
minerals necessary for health.
• Of the total amount of minerals a person
consumes, only a relatively limited amount is
available to the body.

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 Major Minerals
• Calcium
 Functions
• Bone and tooth formation
• Blood clotting
• Muscle and nerve action
• Metabolic reactions
 Requirements
 Deficiency states
 Toxicity symptoms
 Food sources

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 Phosphorus
• Functions
 Bone and tooth formation
 Energy metabolism
 Acid-base balance
• Requirements
• Deficiency states
• Toxicity symptoms
• Food sources

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 Sodium
• Functions
 Water balance
 Acid-base balance
 Muscle action
 Nutrient absorption
• Requirements
• Deficiency states
• Toxicity symptoms
• Food sources

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 Potassium
• Functions
 Water balance
 Metabolic reactions
 Muscle action
 Insulin release
 Blood pressure
• Requirements
• Deficiency states
• Toxicity symptoms
• Food sources

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 Chloride
• Functions
 Digestion
 Respiration
• Requirements
• Deficiency states
• Toxicity symptoms
• Food sources

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 Magnesium
• Functions
 General metabolism
 Protein synthesis
 Muscle action
 Basal metabolic rate
• Requirements
• Deficiency states
• Toxicity symptoms
• Food sources

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 Sulfur
• Functions
 Hair, skin, and nails
 General metabolic functions
 Vitamin structure
 Collagen structure
• Requirements
• Deficiency states
• Toxicity symptoms
• Food sources

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Chapter 8
Lesson 8.3

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 Key Concepts
• A mixed diet of varied foods and adequate
energy value is the best source of the
minerals necessary for health.
• Of the total amount of minerals a person
consumes, only a relatively limited amount is
available to the body.

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 Trace Elements
• Iron
 Functions
• Hemoglobin synthesis
• General metabolism
 Requirements
 Deficiency states
 Toxicity symptoms
 Food sources

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 Iodine
• Functions
• Requirements
• Deficiency states
 Goiter
 Cretinism
 Hypothyroidism
 Hyperthyroidism
• Toxicity symptoms
• Food sources

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 Zinc
• Functions
 Enzyme constituent
 Immune system
 Other functions
• Requirements
• Deficiency states
• Toxicity symptoms
• Food sources

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 Selenium
• Functions
• Requirements
• Deficiency states
• Toxicity symptoms
• Food sources

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 Other Trace Elements
• Fluoride
• Copper
• Manganese
• Chromium
• Molybdenum
• Other essential trace elements

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 Mineral Supplementation
• Life cycle needs
 Pregnancy and lactation
 Adolescence
 Adulthood
• Clinical needs
 Iron-deficiency anemia
 Weight-loss programs
 Zinc deficiency
 Potassium-losing drugs

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