MINERAL

Sunny Yadav
BPH, TU

06/27/2022 SUNNY, BPH, TU 1

 MINERALS
• Inorganic chemical elements present throughout the body in
varying amounts.

• Essential inorganic nutrients, required in small amounts.

• More than 20 minerals may be required

• Meat, fish, milk, cheese, green leafy vegetables and legumes

provide most of the minerals needed by the body.

• Required for growth, maintenance, reproduction and lactation.

06/27/2022 SUNNY, BPH, TU 2

 MINERALS
• Act as co-factors of enzymes for metabolism.

• Form part of the structure of body tissues, such as bones, teeth

and nails, blood, nerves and muscles.

• Vital to physical and mental development.

• They also help protect the body against infections.

• Remains as ash when food is burned

06/27/2022 SUNNY, BPH, TU 3

 Types of minerals
• Micro/Trace means you
Macro- need a small amount of
Minerals these minerals

Calcium Micro/Trace-
Minerals

• Macro means you need a

Iron
large amount of these
minerals
06/27/2022 SUNNY, BPH, TU 4
 MACRO-MINERALS
• Required in amounts greater than 100mg a day

• Also called major minerals

• Includes
– Calcium “Ca”
– Phosphorous “P”
– Potassium “K”
– Sulfur “S”
– Sodium “Na”
– Chlorine “Cl”
06/27/2022
– Magnesium “Mg” SUNNY, BPH, TU 5
 MICRO-MINERALS
• Required in the diet in amounts lesser than 100mg a day

• Also called trace minerals

• Includes
– Iron “Fe”
– Iodine “I”
– Fluorine “Fl”
– Zinc “Zn”
– Copper “Cu”
– Cobalt “Co”
– Chromium “Cr”
– Manganese “Mn”
06/27/2022 SUNNY, BPH, TU 6
 Calcium
Strengthens bones and
Function:
teeth

Milk/Dairy Products,
Food Source: Whole Grains, Dark Green
Leafy Vegetables

Osteoporosis, rickets
Deficiency: (Bones become weak and brittle
due to mineral loss)

Toxicity: -Kidney stones

06/27/2022 SUNNY, BPH, TU 7

 Calcium
• Constitutes 1.5-2% of the body weight of an adult
human.
• An average adult body contains about 1200 gm of
calcium of which >98% present in bones.
• Calcium in blood: 10 mg/dl (60%-ionized, 40%-
protein bound)
• The developing fetus requires about 30 g of calcium

06/27/2022 SUNNY, BPH, TU 8

 Calcium
Daily requirement:

• Adult : 600 mg/day

• Infants : 500 mg/day

• Pregnant mother : 1200 mg/day

• Lactating mother : 1200 mg/day

06/27/2022 SUNNY, BPH, TU 9
 Functions of calcium
• Mineralization of bones and teeth

• Regulator of many of the body’s biochemical

processes

• Involved in blood clotting, muscle contraction

and relaxation, nerve function, blood pressure
and immune defenses
06/27/2022 SUNNY, BPH, TU 10
 Phosphorus
Mineralization of bones and
teeth; part of every cell
Function: Used in energy transfer and
maintenance of acid-base
balance.
Milk, cheese, lean meat,
Food Source: poultry, fish, whole-grain
cereals, legumes, nuts

Daily Not been specifically

requirement: considered

Poor tooth and bone

formation
Deficiency: Weakness, Anorexia, General
malaise

06/27/2022 SUNNY, BPH, TU 11

 Electrolytes
• Electrolytes helps maintain fluid balance in the body

Electrolytes

Sodium
&
Potassium

06/27/2022 SUNNY, BPH, TU 12

 Sodium
Maintains normal fluid and
electrolyte balance
Function: Assists nerve impulse
initiation and muscle
contraction.

Food Source: Salt, fruits and vegetables

Daily
requirement 10-15 gram per day

Muscle cramps, irregular

Deficiency:
heart beat, seizures

Toxicity: High blood pressure, edema

06/27/2022 SUNNY, BPH, TU 13

 Potassium
Maintains fluid balance in
the body. Contraction of
Function: muscles, nerve impulse
transmission, cell
metabolism
Food Orange, banana, dry foods,
Source: milk, cereal, legume, meat

Hypokalemia, muscle
Deficiency: weakness, irregular heart
beat, confusion

Hyperkalemia, irregular
Toxicity: heart beat

06/27/2022 SUNNY, BPH, TU 14

 Magnessium
Essential for normal
Functions metabolism of calcium
and phosphorus,

Green, leafy vegetables,

whole grains, avocados,
Food Source: nuts, milk, legumes,
bananas, nuts, cocoa,
seafood, chocolate,
Daily
requirement: 340 mg per day

Normally unknown,
Deficiency/
Toxicity: Mental, emotional and
muscle disorders
06/27/2022 SUNNY, BPH, TU 15
 Iron
Helps make red blood
Function: cells, helps our muscles
store and use oxygen

Animal products, meat,

Food Source: dark green leafy
vegetables

17 mg (male), 21 mg
Daily (female), 35 mg
requirement (pregnant) and 21 mg
(lactation

Deficiency: Iron Deficiency Anemia

Toxicity: Heart disease, elevated

LDLs
06/27/2022 SUNNY, BPH, TU 16
 Iron
• The adult human body contains between 3-4 g of iron, of
which about 60-70 per cent is present in the blood (Hb
iron) as circulating iron, and the rest (1 to 1.5 g) as storage
iron.

• Each gram of hemoglobin contains about 3.34 mg of iron.

• One gram iron produce 2 ml blood

• Vitamin C is needed for absorption of iron

06/27/2022 SUNNY, BPH, TU 17

 Functions of iron
• Essential in the formation of blood

• Involved in the transport and storage of

oxygen in the blood

• Is a cofactor bound to several non-heme

enzymes required for the proper functioning
of cells.
06/27/2022 SUNNY, BPH, TU 18
 Iodine
Regulates growth,
Function:
physical and mental
development and
metabolic rate.

Food Source: Seafood, Iodized salts

Daily
requirement : 150 microgram per day

Deficiency/ Goiter, cretinism,

toxicity : myxedema

06/27/2022 SUNNY, BPH, TU 19

 Zinc
Formation of collagen,
Function: wound healing, essential
for growth and
development, immunity.

Food Source: Seafood, Liver, Eggs, Milk,

Wheat bran, legumes

Daily 12 mg per day (male) and

requirement : 10 mg per day (female)

Dwarfism, Anemia, Loss

Deficiency/ of appetite, Skin changes,
toxicity : Impaired wound healing,
Decreased taste acuity

06/27/2022 SUNNY, BPH, TU 20

 Fluoride
Increases resistance to
Function: tooth decay
Component of bones
and teeth

Food Source: Fluoridated water, sea

food

Daily 0.5-1 mg per liter water

requirement

Deficiency: Tooth decay, Possibly

osteoporosis
Fluorosis
Toxicity: - discoloration of teeth
or mottling
06/27/2022 SUNNY, BPH, TU 21
 OTHER MINERALS
Minerals Functions

Chloride Maintains normal fluid and electrolyte balance.

Chromium Works with insulin and is required for release of energy

from glucose.

Copper Necessary for absorption and use of iron in the formation

of hemoglobin.

Sulphur
Integral part of vitamins, biotin and thiamin, as well as the
hormone insulin.

06/27/2022 SUNNY, BPH, TU 22

 THANK
YOU
06/27/2022 SUNNY, BPH, TU 23