Fisika Dasar 2

Pemantulan dan Pembiasan

 Reflection and Refraction at a Plane Surface
• Image Formation by a Plane Mirror
• 1. Sign rule for the object distance:
When the object is on the same side of
the reflecting or refracting surface as
the incoming light, the object distance s
is positive; otherwise, it is negative.

• 2. Sign rule for the image distance:

When the image is on the same side of
the reflecting or refracting surface as
the outgoing light, the image distance
s’ is positive; otherwise, it is negative.

• 3. Sign rule for the radius of curvature of

a spherical surface: When the center of
curvature C is on the same side as the
outgoing light, the radius of curvature is
positive; otherwise, it is negative.
• Rasio perbesaran
bayangan
 Reflection at a Spherical Surface
CONCAVE MIRROR

a. Sinar datang sejajar dengan sumbu utama akan dipantulkan melalui titik fokus.
b. Sinar datang melalui titik fokus akan dipantulkan sejajar sumbu utama.
c. Sinar datang melalui titik pusat kelengkungan cermin akan dipantulkan ke titik
itu juga.
Titik fokus dan panjang titik fokus
 
𝑦′
𝑀=
𝑦
 Contoh

A concave mirror forms an image, on a wall 3.00 m in front of the

mirror, of a headlamp filament 10.0 cm in front of the mirror.
(a) What are the radius of curvature and focal length of the mirror?
(b) What is the lateral magnification? What is the image height if
the object height is 5.00 mm?
  1 1 2   s′ 300
a. 10 + 300 = 𝑅 m=− =− =30
s 10
R = 19,4 cm h’ = 5 mm × 30 = 150 mm
f = R/2 = 9,7cm
CONVEX
MIRROR
 CONTOH
Santa checks himself for soot,
using his reflection in a silvered
Christmas tree ornament 0.750
m away . The diameter of the
ornament is 7.20 cm. Standard
reference texts state that
he is a “right jolly old elf,” so
we estimate his height to be
1.6 m. Where and how tall is
the image of Santa formed by
the ornament?
Is it erect or inverted?
 
s’= -1,76 cm

s′ −1,76 y’ = my = 0,0234 × 160 cm

m=− = =0,0234
s 75 = 3,8 cm
Principal Rays
Principal Rays
 Tanda untuk Cermin
Besaran Positif ketika Negatif ketika

Jarak benda Benda di depan cermin Benda di belakang

(nyata) cermin (maya)

Jarak bayangan Bayangan di depan Bayangan di belakang

cermin (nyata) cermin (maya)

Tinggi bayangan Bayangan tegak Bayangan terbalik

Panjang fokus dan Cermin cekung Cermin cembung

jari – jari

perbesaran Bayangan tegak Bayangan terbalik

Refraction at a Spherical Surface
 Construction for determining the
height of an image formed by
refraction at a spherical surface.
In the case shown here, na<nb.

For small angles

 contoh
A cylindrical glass rod has index of refraction 1.52.
It is surrounded by air. One end is ground to a
hemispherical surface with radius R = 2.00 cm. A
small object is placed on the axis of the rod, 8.00
cm to the left of the vertex. Find (a) the image
distance and (b) the lateral magnification.
•  
s’ = +11,3 cm

b.
Thin Lenses
 contoh
(a) Suppose the absolute values of the radii of curvature of the lens
surfaces are both equal to 10 cm and the index of refraction of the
glass is n = 1.52. What is the focal length ƒ of the lens?
(b) Suppose the lens also has n = 1.52 and the absolute values of the
radii of curvature of its lens surfaces are also both equal to 10 cm.
What is the focal length of this lens?
Camera
 contoh
A common telephoto lens for a 35-mm camera
has a focal length of 200 mm; its ƒ-stops
range from ƒ>2.8 to ƒ>22.
(a) What is the corresponding range of aperture
diameters?
(b) (b) What is the corresponding range of image
intensities on the film?
a.

to
 The Eye
The eye is nearly spherical and about 2.5 cm in diameter. The
front portion is somewhat more sharply curved and is covered
by a tough, transparent membrane called the cornea. The
region behind the cornea contains a liquid called the aqueous
humor. Next comes the crystalline lens, a capsule containing a
fibrous jelly, hard at the center and progressively softer at the
outer portions. The crystalline lens is held in place by ligaments
that attach it to the ciliary muscle, which encircles it. Behind the
lens, the eye is filled with a thin watery jelly called the vitreous
humor. The indexes of refraction of both the aqueous humor
and the vitreous humor are about 1.336, nearly equal to that of
water. The crystalline lens, while not homogeneous, has an
average index of 1.437. This is not very different from the
indexes of the aqueous and vitreous humors. As a result, most
of the refraction of light entering the eye occurs at the outer
surface of the cornea.
 contoh
The near point of a certain hyperopic eye is 100
cm in front of the eye. Find the focal length and
power of the contact lens that will permit the
wearer to see clearly an object that is 25 cm in
front of the eye.
 contoh
The far point of a certain myopic eye is 50 cm in
front of the eye. Find the focal length and
power of the eyeglass lens that will permit the
wearer to see clearly an object at infinity.
Assume that the lens is worn 2 cm in front of
the eye.
Mikroskop dan Teleskop

Mikroskop
Teleskop
Summary