WAN BASICS

What is WAN ?
WAN stands for Wide Area Network
ie.. Connecting networks that are at a
distance or Geographically apart
 WAN
What are the types of WAN ?
Basically there are 2 types of WAN
1. WAN thro. Wired media
Eg. Leased Line, ISDN, OFC etc..
2. WAN thro. Wireless media
Eg. RF, VSAT (Communication thro.
Satellite) etc..
 WAN ON WIRED MEDIA
WAN on wired media is achieved through
1. Leased line ie. thro. 1 pair / 2 pair copper
wire.
2. ISDN stands for Integrated Services
Digital Network (also thro. copper pairs)
3. Optic Fiber Cable (backbone connectivity
used by service providers like BSNL)
WAN THROUGH LEASED LINE

What is Leased Line ?

A Leased line is a wired dedicated circuit
provided by the Service Providers like
BSNL, MTNL, Bharti etc.. & usually
leased on a yearly basis to the subscriber.
The circuit may a 2 wire (1 pair) or 4 wire
(2 pairs) or 6 wire (3 pairs) depending on
the requirement. The speed of the circuit
may range from 64 kbps to 2 Mbps
 LEASED LINE
Why a Leased Line ?
 A Leased line is more reliable
 More Cost effective compared to Wireless
 Less prone to external disturbance
 And has a range from 2 Kms. to 20,000
Kms. !? ! Ooops !!
COMPONENTS OF LEASED LINE
The major components of a Leased line circuit are

1. 2 wire / 4 wire / 6 wire connectivity from Customer

premises to the nearest exchange & the same type of
connectivity @ the other end.

2. 2 pairs of modems for a Point to Point connectivity

(a typical Head office to Branch office connectivity)
or 1 pair of modem for ISP connectivity. A pair
here refers to V.35 & G.703 interfaces in the
modem.

3. A router / switch for connecting to the LAN

 DEVICES USED
The important devices in leased line
circuits are :
Leased line modems :
Basically comes in 2 types /models,
 the first one caters to data transfer speed
upto 144 kbps &
 the second one takes care of data transfers
upto 2 Mbps
Models marketed by our company
RAD, Telindus, Tainet, Ascom, Atrie…
 DEVICES USED
Switches
Used for connecting the LAN
(network). Layer 2 or Layer 3
&
Routers
Used for connecting 2 networks or
LAN
INTERFACES USED IN LEASED LINE
MODEMS
The widely used interfaces in the Leased
line modems are
1. V.35 interface or DTE seen on Customer
premises modems.
2. G.703 interface or DCE seen on the
Exchange modems.
3. Ethernet interface for DTE bridging
application also seen on the Customer
premises modems.
INTERFACES USED IN LEASED LINE
MODEMS
….. A typical V.35 interface

….. A typical G.703 interface

... A typical Ethernet interface

END TO END SETUP
 ISDN CONCEPT
What is ISDN?
 ISDN stands for Integrated Services Digital Network - the
name for digital telephone service that works over existing
copper telephone wiring.

 ISDN access from the customers premises gives you the ability to
make possible end-to-end digital connections that can support a
wide variety of services such as speech, video telephony, video
conference, facsimile, data and image transfer.

 The essential difference between ISDN and the conventional

telephone System is that it is digital not analogue
 What does ISDN offer?

 Simplicity - One access various services;

  Reliability - high quality error free transmission;
  Flexibility because it is a switched digital network;
 A solutions today because ISDN is proven;
 Enhanced productivity because of increased speed and
capacity; and
 Cost savings because of reduced cost of many existing
communication applications
 ISDN TYPES
1. Basic Rate Interface (BRI) &
2. Primary Rate Interface (PRI)

BRI

 BRI consists of two 64 kbps B channels and one

16 kbps D channel for a total of 144 kbps

 Note that, in ISDN terminology, "K" means 1000

(103), not 1024 (210)
ISDN BRI
 ISDN PRI
 PRIs are dedicated trunks that connect medium and
large locations to a telephone company central office.
Virtually all modern telephone and computing
systems can be connected to ISDN through a PRI
including PBXs, mainframe and distributed systems,
LANs and WANs, multiplexers and ISDN controllers,
videoconferencing units, and more.

 PRIs are designed to maximize the use of these

systems by allocating dynamically, or call by call, the
number and type of channels (e.g.: data, voice in,
voice out) required for each application.
ISDN PRI
 PRI CHANNELS
 In Europe and the Pacific Rim, the PRI is supplied
through a standard 2.048Mb/s E-1 channel, and
consists of 30B+D or 31B+D

 The PRI Interface in the United States consists of

23B+D connection, it is designed for transmission
through a standard North American T-1 trunk.

Brands marketed by our Company Eicon Diva,

D-Link, Cisco, Zyxell etc..
 ROUTER BASICS
What is a Router ?
A Router is a device which connects 2 different
networks

What is Routing ?
Routing is the process carried out by the router to
forward the data packets to the destination/s by
ascertaining the Network Topology, Best possible
routes etc..
BASIC COMPONENTS OF ROUTER
LAN Interface
This interface connects to the LAN Switch & normally it is a
Ethernet / Fast Ethernet / Giga Ethernet port (RJ 45).
WAN Interface
This interface connects to the WAN through the modem. The
interface is also known as “Serial” port. The common
interfaces are V.35 Serial interface, ISDN BRI interface
etc..The interfaces may be modular or fixed.
Console Port
This the port used for administering or configuring the
router. This is not used for LAN or WAN communication.
 ROUTERS CONT…
Brands marketed by our Company Cisco, Tainet
Allied Telesyn, Techroutes etc..
 OTHER WAN SOLUTIONS

 LAN Extenders / Bridge

Used to extend the LAN over few

kilometers using single or two pair of
copper wire. The bandwidth can be
configured from 64 kbps to 4.6 Mbps
(2 pair).
 TYPICAL END TO END CONNECTIVITY OF LAN EXTENDER

WAN EXTENSION ON COPPER PAIR

Lan Extender (Bridge) Lan Extender (Bridge)

Switch Switch

LAN PCs LAN PCs

Gemini Communication Ltd.

THANK YOU ALL
info@gcl.com