THEME 3 :

ENERGY &
SUSTAINABILITY
OF LIFE

CHAPTER 9 :
HEAT

Group Member :
- Carlyn Euphronica
- Voonavell Voon Tze Ting
- Claudia Natasha
 9.1 Relationship
BetweenTemperature & Heat
Heat and temperature are different.

HEAT TEMPERATURE
The degree of hotness or coldness of
A form of energy
an object

Measured in Joules (J) Measured in degree Celsius or Kelvin

The amount of heat depends on the Temperature depends on the degree

type of material, quality of material of movement of the particles in a
& temperature matter
Heat flow from a hotter region to a colder region,
meanwhile temperature increase in a hot environment
and decrease in a cold enviroment.

Althrough heat and temperature are interrelated,

both are not same.

 An object that absorbs heat would cause the

temperature to increase. When the object release
heat, the temperature would decrease.

 The temperature increase in a region or in an

object that is hot. The temperature decrease in a
region or in an object that is cold.
 9.2 Heat Flow & Thermal
Equilibrium
HEAT FLOW
Heat flow from a hot object to a cold object. Heat
flows happends in three diferent ways which are
conduction (konduksi), convection (perolakan) &
radiation (sinaran).
CONDUCTION CONVECTION RADIATION
 Heat flow from a  Heat flows through fluids  Heat transfer through
hotter region to a (liquid & gas) from a vacuum (without any
colder region through hotter region to a colder medium)
solids region.  Heat is transferred in the
 Heat is transfereed by the form of electromagnetic
 Particles that received movement of hot waves.
heat energy will particles through  The heat transfer rate is
vibrate at fixed convection currents. the same speed as the
position & transfer  The heat transfer rate is speed of ligh.
energy to the slower than conduction.
neighbouring particles.
HEAT FLOW IN NATURAL PHENOMENON
Warming of the Earth by The Sun
 Heat enrgy from the Sun is transferred to the Earth
through radiation. It's the only method that can
propagate through an empty space.
 The heat that is radiated by the Sun is via
eletromagnetic waves.
 Heat feom the Sun that penetrates the Earth causes
change in climate & the occurrence of natural phenomena
such as sea breeze and land breeze.
Heat Conductors & Heat Insulators
 A heat conductors is a materials that allows heat to
flow through it.
 Examples of heat conductors :
- Mercury in thermometers is good heat conductors.
It can detect change in temperature very quickly.
- The bottom of a pais made of metal that allows
heats to flow quickly to the food.
 Heat insulators is materials that prevent heat flow.
 Examples of heat insulators :
- Cooking utensils made of wood are capable of
preventing heat from flowing to the hand while
cooking.
- Oven gloves that are heat insulators can prevent
your hand from getting scalded while taking food
trays out from the oven.
Thermal Equilibrium
 The objects which are in thermal contact can change
exchange heat energy between them.
 The heat energy is transferred from the object with
a higher temperature to the object with a lower
temperature.
 Thermal equilibrium occured when heat transfer
between two objects is zero.
9.3 PRINCIPLE OF EXPANSION &
CONTRACTION OF MATTER
Expansion & Contraction Of Matter
Solid :
 The particles in a solid vibrate at a fixed position.
 When the solid is heated, the particles vibrate faster
and move further apart from one another.
 When solid is cooled, the particles vibrate slower &
move close to one another.

Liquid & Gas :

 When the liquid & the gas are heated, the particles
move faster & randomly.
 The distance between the particles also increase. This
cause the volume of the liquid & the gas to increae
because the liquid & the gas expand.
 When the liquid & gas are cooled, the particles move
slower & closer to one another. This cause the
volume of the liquid & gas to decrease because the
liquid & the gas contract.
The Uses Of Expansion & Contraction Of Matter in
Daily Life

1.
Mercury

 Mercury in a thermometer is a heat conductor that

can expand & contract.
2. The electric cable is made from cuprum wires. The
cable would expand during the day and contract
during the night. The electric cable is hung loose to
prevent it from snapping off.
 9.4 Relationship between Type of Surface of an
Object, and Heat Absorption and Emisson

 Bright colours do not absorb a lot of heat ,

therefore the evaporation of fuel reduced.
 The ability of an object to absorb or radiate heat
depends on the type and colour of its surface.
When an object absorbs heat , its
temperature increases.
When an object radiates heat, its
temperature decreases.
Dark and dull surfaces are better
heat absorbers and radiators
compared to white and shinny
surfaces.
 Heat Concept in Daily Life
 The Green Building Concept is an idea develope to reduce
the effects of rapid development on the enviroment and our
health.

 has high energy efficiency through the usage of solar energy or

renewable energy.
 has good water flow system , air circulation and lighting.
 use recycled materials.