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W = Fd
Area = Base x Height
WORK
" The net WORK done on an object is equal to the change in kinetic
energy of the object."
ENERGY IS CONSERVED
Am I moving? If yes,
Am I moving? If yes,
KEo
KE
E E0
We can expand that to include the types of energy
we have
K U g U s K 0 U g0 U s0
Principle of Conservation of Mechanical Energy-
energy just switches forms
Energy consistently changes forms
Energy consistently changes forms
Am I above the ground? NO, h = 0, U = 0 J
K 1 mv 2 1 (60)(8) 2
2 2
K 1920 J
Position m v PE KE ME
(= PE + KE)
KO = PE+ KE
1920 =
(60)(9.8)(1) + (.5)(60)v2
1920= 588 + 30v2
1332= 30v2
44.4 = v2
v = 6.66 m/s
Position m v U K ME
1 60 kg 8 m/s 0J 1920 J 1920 J
2 60 kg 6.66 m/s 588 J 1332 J 1920 J
Energy consistently changes forms
Am I moving at the top? No, v = 0 m/s
EB = EA
Using position 1
Ko = PE
1920 = mgh
1920 =(60)(9.8)h
h = 3.27 m
Position m v PE KE ME
U g mgy
Springs – Hooke’s Law
Fs kx Fs kx
50 k (0.05) Fs (1000)(0.11)
Fs 110 N
k 1000 N/m
Hooke’s Law from a Graphical Point of View
Suppose we had the following data: Fs kx
x(m) Force(N) Fs
k
0 0 x
0.1 12 k Slope of a F vs. x graph
0.2 24 Force vs. Displacement y = 120x + 1E-14
R2 = 1
0.3 36 80
70
0.4 48 60
0.5 60
Force(Newtons)
50
0.6 72
40
k =120 N/m
30
20
10
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
Displacement(Meters)
We have seen F vs. x Before!!!!
Force vs. Displacement y = 120x + 1E-14 Work or ENERGY = Fx
R2 = 1
80
70
Since WORK or ENERGY
is the AREA, we must get
60
some type of energy when
Force(Newtons)
50
we compress or elongate
40 the spring. This energy is
30 the AREA under the line!
20 Area = ELASTIC
10 POTENTIAL ENERGY
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
Displacement(Meters)
NOTE: Keep in mind that this can be applied to WORK or can be conserved
with any other type of energy.
Conservation of Energy in Springs
Example
A slingshot consists of a light leather cup, containing a stone, that
is pulled back against 2 rubber bands. It takes a force of 30 N to
stretch the bands 1.0 cm (a) What is the potential energy stored
in the bands when a 50.0 g stone is placed in the cup and pulled
back 0.20 m from the equilibrium position? (b) With what speed
does it leave the slingshot?
a ) Fs kx 30 k (0.01) k 3000 N/m
c) EB E A U s K
U s 1 mv 2 1 (0.050)v 2
2 2
v 109.54 m/s
Power
One useful application of Energy
is to determine the RATE at
which we store or use it. We
call this application POWER!