Work,Power and energy

Summary
Work, Power and energy

• Work done by Constant Force:


W = F.S
Since work is the dot product of two vectors therefore it is a scalar quantity.
W =FS cos θ or W = (F cos θ )S

• Work Done by Multiple Forces:

  
If several forces act on a particle, then we can replace F in equation W = F.S by the net force ΣF
where
   
ΣF = F1 + F2 + F3 + ....
 
W = ΣF .S ..... ( i )
     
W = F1.S + F2 .S + F3 .S + ....
Or W = W1 + W2 + W3 + ..........
So, the work done on the particle is the sum of the individual works done by all the forces acting
on the particle.
• Dimensions of Work:
[Work] = [Force]=[Distance] = MLT −2  [ L ]  ML2 T −2 
Work has one dimension in mass, two dimensions in length and ‘-2’ dimensions in time,
• Work in Terms of Rectangular Components:
 
In terms of rectangular components, F and S may be written as:
 
F = Fx ˆi + Fy ˆj + Fz kˆ and S = Sx ˆi + Sy ˆj + Sz kˆ

F.S = Fx Sx + FySy + FzSz
• Work Done by a Variable Force:
When the magnitude and direction of a force vary in three dimensions, it can be expressed as a
function of the position. For a variable force work is calculated for infinitely small displacement
and for this displacement force is assumed to be constant
 
dW = F.ds
The total work done will be sum of infinitely small work

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 Work,Power and energy

 B B
 
W=
A →B ∫=F.ds
A
∫ ( F cos θ ) ds
A
In terms of rectangular components,

F = Fx ˆi + Fy ˆj + Fz kˆ

ds = dxiˆ + dyjˆ + dzkˆ
XB XB XB

WA →B = ∫
XA
FX dx + ∫
XA
FY dy + ∫ F dz
XA
Z

• Relation Between Momentum and Kinetic Energy:

Important Points for K.E.

 As mass m and v 2 ( v.v ) are always positive, kinetic energy is always positive scalar i.e,
kinetic energy can never be negative.
 The kinetic energy depends on the frame of reference,
p2
=k = and P = 2mK; P linear momentum
2m
• Potential energy:
In case of conservative force
U2 r2
 
∫ dU
U1
= − ∫ F.dr
r1
r2  
− ∫ F.dr =
i.e., U 2 − U1 = − W , where W is work done by conservative forces.
r1

Whenever and wherever possible, we take the reference point at ∞ and assume potential energy
to be zero. There, i.e., If we take r1 =
∞ and U1 =
0 then
r  
U= − ∫ F.dr =−W
∞

• Types of Potential Energy:

1 2
(a) Elastic Potential Energy: U = ky
2
where k is force constant and ‘y’ is the stretch or compression. Elastic potential energy is always
positive.
(b) Electric Potential Energy: It is the energy associated with charged particles that interact
via
electric force. For two point charges q1 and q2 separated by a distance 'r’,
1 q1q 2
U=
4πε 0 r
As charge can be positive or negative, therefore electric potential energy can also be positive or
negative.
(c) Gravitational Potential Energy: It is due to gravitational force. For two particles of
masses m1 and m2

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Work,Power and energy

separated by a distance ‘r’, it is given by:

mm
U = −G 1 2
r
which for a body of mass ‘m’ at height ‘h’ relative to surface of the earth reduces to U = mgh
Gravitational potential energy can be positive or negative.
• Mechanical Energy:
Definition: Mechanical energy ‘E’ of an object or a system is defined as the sum of kinetic energy
‘K’ and potential energy ‘U’, i.e.,
E=K+U
• Conservative Forces:
A force is said to be conservative if work done by or against the force in moving a body depends
only on the initial and final positions of the body and not on the nature of path followed between
the initial and final positions.
∂U
F= −
∂r
• Conservative Force & Potential Energy:
∂U
We know that F = −
∂r
• Types of Equilibrium:
(a) Stable equilibrium: When a particle is displaced slightly from a position and a force acting on
it
Brings it back to the initial position, it is said to be in stable equilibrium position.

dU d2U
Necessary conditions: − = 0, and + ve Potential energy is minimum.
=
dx dx 2
(b) Unstable Equilibrium: When a particle is displaced slightly from a position and force acting
on it tries to displace the particle further away from the equilibrium position, it is said to be in
unstable equilibrium.
dU d2U
Condition : − = 0 potential energy is maximum i.e = = − ve
dx dx 2
Neutral equilibrium: In the neutral equilibrium potential energy is constant. When a particle is
displaced from its position it does not experience any force acting on it and continues to be it
equilibrium in the displaced position. This is said to be neutral equilibrium.
• Work-Energy Theorem :
According to work-energy theorem, the work done by all the forces on a particle is equal to the
change in its kinetic energy.
WC + WNC + WPS = ∆K
Where, WC is the work done by all the conservative forces.
WNC is the work done by all non-conservative forces.
WPS is the work done by all psuedo forces.
• Modified Form of Work-Energy Theorem:
We know that conservative forces are associated with the concept of potential energy, that is

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 Work,Power and energy

WC = −∆U
So, Work-Energy theorem may be modified as
WNC + WPS = ∆K + ∆U WNC + WPS = ∆E
• Power:
Power is defined as the time rate of doing work.
( )
The average power P or p av delivered by an agent is given by
W
P or p av =
t
where
 W  is the amount of work done in time t.
F.dS  dS  
=P = F.= F.v
dt dt
By definition of dot product,
=P Fv cos θ
 
Where θ is the smaller angle between F and v .
This P is called as instantaneous power if dt is very small.

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 Work,Power and energy

Practical Questions

1. A body of mass m starts moving from rest along x-axis so that its velocity varies as v = a s where a is
a constant and s is the distance covered by the body. The total work done by all the forces acting on the
body in the first t seconds after the start of the motion is : (2018)
(a) 8ma 4t 2
1 42
(b) ma t
4
(c) 4ma 4t 2
1
(d) ma 4t 2
8

2. When a rubber band is stretched by a distance x, it exerts a restoring force of magnitude F = ax + bx2,
where a and b are constants. The work done in stretching the unstretched rubber band by L is
(2014)
2 3
(a) aL + bL
1
(b) (aL2 + bL3 )
2
aL2 bL3
(c) +
2 3
1  aL bL3 
2
(d)  + 
2 2 3 

 x y ˆj  (K is being a
3. The work done on a particle of mass m by a force, K  2 2 3/ 2
iˆ + 2 
 (x + y ) ( x + y 2 )3/ 2 
constant of appropriate dimensions), when the particle is taken from the point (a, 0) to the point (0, a)
along a circular path of radius a about the origin in the x - y plane is (2013)
2K π
(a)
a
Kπ
(b)
a
Kπ
(c)
2a
(d) 0

4. If W1, W2 and W3 represent the work done in moving a particle from A to B along three different paths
1, 2 and 3 respectively (as shown) in the gravitational field of a point mass m. Find the correct relation
between W1, W2 and W3 (2003)

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 Work,Power and energy

(a) W1 > W2 > W3

(b) W1 = W2 = W3
(c) W1 < W2 < W3
(d) W2 > W1 > W3

5. A force F = − k ( yiˆ + xˆj ) (where, k is a positive constant acts on a particle moving in the x-y plane.
Starting from the origin, the particle is taken along the positive X-axis to the point (a,0) and then parallel
to the Y-axis to the point (a,a). The total work done by the force F on the particle is
(1998)
(a) -2ka2
(b) 2ka2
(c) -ka2
(d) ka2

6. A uniform chain of length L and mass M is lying on a smooth table and one-third of its length is hanging
vertically down over the edge of the table. If g is acceleration due to gravity, the work required to pull the
hanging part on to the table is (1985)
(a) MgL
(b) MgL/3
(c) MgL/9
(d) MgL/18

7. A body is moved along a straight line by a machine delivering constant power. The distance moved by
the body in time t is proportional to (1984)
(a) t1/2

(b) t3/4
(c) t3/2
(d) t2

8. A block (B) is attached to two unstretched springs S1 and S2 with spring constants k and 4k, respectively.
The other ends sae attached to two supports M1 and M2 not attached to the walls. The springs and
supports have negligible mass. There is no friction anywhere.

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 Work,Power and energy

The block B is displaced towards wall 1 by a small distance x and released. The block returns and moves a
maximum distance y towards wall 2. Displacements x and y are measured with respect to the equilibrium
y
position of the block B. The ratio is (2008)
x
(a) 4
(b) 2
1
(c)
2
1
(d)
4

9. An ideal spring with spring constant k is hung from the ceiling and a block of mass M is attached to its
lower end. The mass is released with the spring initially unstretched. Then the maximum extension in the
spring is (2002)
4Mg
(a)
k
2Mg
(b)
k
Mg
(c)
k
Mg
(d)
2k

10. A wire, which passes through the hole in a small bead, is bent in the form of quarter of a circle. The
wire is fixed vertically on ground as shown in the figure. The bead is released from near the top
of the wire and it slides along the wire without friction. As the bead moves from A to B, the force it applies
on the wire is (2014)

(a) always radially outwards

(b) always radially inwards
(c) radially outwards initially and radially inwards later
(d) radially inwards initially and radially outwards later

11. A bob of mass M is suspended by a massless string of length L. The horizontal velocity v at position A
is just sufficient to make it reach the point B. The angle θ at which the speed of the bob is half of that at
A, satisfies (2008)

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 Work,Power and energy

π
(a) θ =
4
π π
(b) <θ <
4 2
π 3π
(c) <θ <
2 4
3π
(d) <θ <π
4

12. A simple pendulum is oscillating without damping. When the displacement of the bob is less than
maximum, its acceleration vector a is correctly shown in (2002)
(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

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 Work,Power and energy

13. A stone tied to a string of length L is whirled in a vertical circle with the other end of the siring at the
centre. At a certain instant of time, the stone is at its lowest position, and has a speed u. The magnitude
of the change in its velocity as it reaches a position, where the string is horizontal, is
(1998)
(a) u 2 − 2 gL
(b) 2gL
(c) u 2 − gL
(d) 2(u 2 − gL)

14. A particle of mass m is moving in a circular path of constant radius r such that its centripetal
acceleration ac is varying with time t as ac = k2 rt2 , where k is a constant. The power delivered to the
particle by the force acting on it is (1994)
(a) 2 π mk2 r2
(b) mk2 r2 t
(mk 4 r 2t 5 )
(c)
3
(d) zero

15. A body of mass m = 10-2 kg is moving in a medium and experiences a frictional force F = - kv2. Its initial
1 2
speed is v0 = 10 ms-1. If, after 10 s, its energy is mv0 , the value of k will be (2017)
8
(a) 10-3 kgs-1
(b) 10-4 kgm-1
(c) 10-1 kgm-1 s-1
(d) 10-3 kgm-1

16. A time dependent force F = 6t acts on a particle of mass 1 kg. If the particle starts from rest, the work
done by the force during the first 1 s will be (2017)
(a) 22 J
(b) 9 J
(c) 18 J
(d) 4.5 J

17. A person trying to loose weight by burning fat lifts a mass of 10 kg upto a height of 1 m 1000 times.
Assume that the potential energy lost each time he lowers the mass is dissipated. How much fat will he
use up considering the work done only when the weight is lifted up? Fat supplies 3.8 × 107 J of energy per
kg which is converted to mechanical energy with a 20% efficiency rate. (Take, g = 9.8 ms-2)
(2016)
(a) 2.45 × 10-3 kg
(b) 6.45 × 10-3 kg
(c) 9.89 × 10-3 kg
(d) 12.89 × 10-3 kg

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 Work,Power and energy

18. A block of mass 2 kg is free to move along the x-axis. It is at rest and from t = 0 onwards it is subjected
to a time-dependent force F(t) in the x-direction. The force F(t) varies with t as shown in the figure. The
kinetic energy of the block after 4.5 s is (2010)

(a) 4.50 J
(b) 7.50 J
(c) 5.06 J
(d) 14.06 J

19. A particle is placed at the origin and a force F = kx is acting on it (where, k is a positive constant). If U
(0) = 0, the graph of U (x) versus x will be (where, U is the potential function) (2004)

(a)

(b)

(c)

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 Work,Power and energy

(d)

20. A particle, which is constrained to move along x-axis, is subjected to a force in the same direction
which varies the distance x of the particle from the origin as F (x) = - kx + ax3. Here, k and a are positive
constants. For x ≥ 0, the functional form of the potential energy U (x) of particle is
(2002)
(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

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 Work,Power and energy

21. A wind-powered generator converts wind energy into electric energy. Assume that the generator
converts a fixed fraction of the wind energy intercepted by its blades into electrical energy. For wind speed
v, the electrical power output will be proportional to (2000)
(a) v
(b) v2
(c) v3
(d) v0

22. A spring of force constant k is cut into two pieces such that one piece is double the length of the other.
Then, the long piece will have a force constant of (1999)
(a) (2/3)k
(b) (3/2) k
(c) 3 k
(d) 6 k

23. Two masses of 1 g and 4 g are moving with equal kinetic energies. The ratio of the magnitudes of their
momenta is (1980)
(a) 4 :1
(b) 2 :1
(c) 1 : 2
(d) 1 : 16

24. If a machine is lubricated with oil, (1980)

(a) the mechanical advantage of the machine increases
(b) the mechanical efficiency of the machine increases
(c) both its mechanical advantage and efficiency increases
(d) its efficiency increases, but its mechanical advantage decreases

25. An object is moving along a straight line path from P to Q under the action of a force

F = (4iˆ − 3 ˆj + 2kˆ) N . If the co-ordinate of P and Q in metres are (3, 2, -1) and (2, -1, 4) respectively.
Then the work done by the force
(a) -15 J
(b) +15 J
(c) 1015 J
(d) (4iˆ − 3 ˆj + 2kˆ)

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 Work,Power and energy

26. A bucket tied to a string is lowered at a constant acceleration of g/4. If the mass of the bucket is M
and is lowered by a distance d. the work done by the string on bucket will be (assume the string to be
massless)
(a) (1/4) mg d
(b) (-3/4) mgd
(c) (- 4/3) mgd
(d) (4/3) mgd

27. The block of mass m initially at x = 0 is acted upon by a horizontal force at any position x is given as F
= a – bx2 (where a > μmg), as shown in the figure. The co-efficient of friction between the surfaces of
contact is μ. The net work done on the block is zero, if the dock travels a distance?

3(b − µ mg )
(a)
a
3(a − µ mg )
(b)
b
aµ mg
(c)
b
(d) None of these

28. The work done by the force
= F A( y 2iˆ + 2 x 2 ˆj ) , where A is a constant and x and y are in meters
around the path shown is :

(a) zero
(b) Ad
(c) Ad2
(d) Ad3

29. A chain is held on a frictionless table with L/4 hanging over. Knowing total mass of the chain is M and
total length is L, the minimum work required to pull hanging part back to the table is :
MgL
(a)
16
MgL
(b)
8
MgL
(c)
32

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 Work,Power and energy

MgL
(d)
24

30. A particle of mass m moving along a straight line experience force F which varies with the distance
2F0 x0
travelled as shown in the figure. If the velocity of the particle at x0 is b , then velocity at 4x0 is
m

2 F0 x0
(a) 2
m
Fx
(b) 2 0 0
m
F0 x0
(c)
m
(d) None of these

31. Which of the following statement is not true?

(a) Work done by conservative force on an object depends only on the initial and final states and not on
the path taken.
(b) The change in the potential energy of a system corresponding to conservative internal forces is equal
to negative of the work done by these forces
(c) If some of the internal forces within a system are non-conservative. then the mechanical energy of the
system is not constant.
(d) If the internal forces are conservative, the work done by the internal forces is equal to the change in
mechanical energy.

32. In the Figure, the ball A is released from rest when the spring is at its natural length. For the block B
of mass M to leave contact with the ground at some stage, the minimum mass of A must be:

(a) 2 M
(b) M
(c) M/2

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 Work,Power and energy

(d) A function of M and the force constant of the spring

33. In the figure shown initially spring is in unstretched state and blocks are at rest. Now 100 N force is
applied on block A and B as shown in figure. After some time velocity of A becomes 2 m/s and that of ‘B’
4 m/s and block displaced by amount 10cm and spring is stretched by amount 30 cm. Then work done by
spring will be :

(a) 9/3 J
(b) -6 J
(c) 6 J
(d) None of these

34. A block attached to a spring. pulled by a constant horizontal force, is kept on a smooth surface as
shown in the figure. Initially, the spring is in the natural state. Then the maximum positive work that the
applied force F can do is : [Given that spring does not break]
F2
(a)
K
2F 2
(b)
K
(c) ∞
F2
(d)
2K

35. A body is projected with kinetic energy k at angle Φ with the vertical. Neglecting friction, its potential
energy at the highest point will be
(a) k cos 2 Φ
(b) k sin 2 Φ
(c) k
(d) zero

36. A man places a vertical chain (of mass 'm' and length 'l') on a table slowly. Initially the lower end of
the chain just touches the table. The man drops the chain when half of the chain is in vertical position.
Then work done by the man in this process is
l
(a) − mg
2
mgl
(b) −
4
3mgl
(c) −
8
mgl
(d) −
8

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 Work,Power and energy

3t 2
37. Power supplied to a particle of mass 2 kg varies with time as P = watt. Here t is time in second. If
2
velocity of particle at t = 0 s is v = 0 m/s. The velocity of particle at time t = 2 s will be
(a) 1 m/s
(b) 4 m/s
(c) 2 m/s
(d) 2 2 m/s

38. A self propelled vehicle of mass m whose engine delivers constant power P has an acceleration a =
P/mv (assume that there is no friction). In order to increase its velocity from v1 to v2 the distance it has to
travel will be :
3P 2
(a) (v2 − v12 )
m
m 3 3
(b) (v2 − v1 )
3P
m 2
(c) (v2 − v12 )
3P
m
(d) (v2 − v1 )
3P

39. A rigid body is acted up by a horizontal force which is inversely proportional to the distance covered
‘s’. The work done by this force will be proportional to :
(a) s
(b) s2
(c) s
(d) None of these

40. The graph between the resistive force F acting on a body and the distance covered by the body is
shown in the figure. The mass of the body is 25 kg and initial velocity is 2 m/s. When the distance covered
by the body is 4m, its kinetic energy would be

(a) 50 J
(b) 40 J
(c) 20 J
(d) 10 J

41. A particle moves in a straight line with retardation proportional to its displacement. Its loss of kinetic
energy for any displacement x is proportional to
(a) x2

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 Work,Power and energy

(b) ex
(c) x
(d) logex

42. A body is dropped from a certain height. When it loses U amount of its energy it acquires a velocity
‘v’. The mass of the body is :
(a) 2U/v2
(b) 2v/U2
(c) 2v/U
(d) U2/2v

43. A block of mass m is attached to two unstretched springs of spring constants k1 and k2 as shown in
figure. The block is displaced towards right through a distance x and is released. Find the speed of the
block as it passes through the mean position shown.

k1 + k2
(a) x
m
k1k2
(b) x
m(k1 + k2 )
k12 + k22
(c) x
m(k12 + k22 )
k13 + k23
(d) x
m(k13 + k23 )

44. A body of mass m dropped from a certain height strikes a light vertical fixed spring of stiffness k. The
3mg
height of its fall before touching the spring if the maximum compression of the spring is equal to is
k
:
3mg
(a)
2k
2mg
(b)
k
3mg
(c)
4k
mg
(d)
4k

45. A particle moves with a velocity v = (5iˆ − 3 ˆj + 6kˆ) m/s under the influence of a constant force

F = (10iˆ + 10 ˆj + 20kˆ)N . The instantaneous power applied to the particle is :

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 Work,Power and energy

(a) 200 J/s

(b) 40 J/s
(c) 140 J
(d) 170 J/s

46. An electric motor creates a tension of 4500 N in hoisting cable and reels it at the rate of 2 m/s. What
is the power of electric motor ?
(a) 9 W
(b) 9 KW
(c) 225 W
(d) 9000 H.P.

47. The potential energy of a particle varies with distance x as shown in the graph.

The force acting on the particle is zero at

(a) C
(b) B
(c) B and C
(d) A and D

48. The potential energy for a force field F is given by U(x,y) = sin (x+y). The force acting on the particle
 π
of mass m at  0,  is
 4
(a) 1
(b) 2
1
(c)
2
(d) 0

49. A spring of force constant 800 N/m has an extension of 5 cm. The work done in extending it from 5cm
to 15 cm is
(a) 16 J
(b) 8 J
(c) 32 J
(d) 24 J

50. A body is moved along a straight line by a machine delivering a constant power. The distance moved
by the body in time ‘t’ is proportional to :
(a) t3/4
(b) t3/2
(c) t1/4

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 Work,Power and energy

(d) t1/2

51. The total work done on a particle is equal to the change in its mechanical energy
(a) if the forces acting on it are conservative
(b) if gravitational force alone acts on it
(c) if elastic force alone acts on it
(d) none of these

52. A ring of mass m can slide over a smooth vertical rod. The ring is connected to a spring of force constant
4mg
K= where 2R is the natural length of the spring. The other end of the spring is fixed to the ground
R
at a horizontal distance 2R from the base of the rod. The mass is released at a height of 1.5 R from ground.

3mgR
(a) work done by the spring will be
2
(b) work done by the spring will be 9mgR
(c) the velocity of the ring when it reaches the ground will be gR
(d) the velocity of the ring when it reaches the ground will be 2 gR

53. The kinetic energy of a particle continuously increases with time

(a) the resultant force on the particle must be parallel to the velocity at all instants
(b) the resultant force on the particle must be at an angle less than 900 with the velocity all the time
(c) its height above the ground level must continuously decrease
(d) the magnitude of its linear momentum is decreasing continuously

54. If force is always parallel to motion

(a) KE remains constant
(b) work done = 0
(c) speed will increase
(d) velocity is constant

55. The given plot shows the variation of U, the potential energy of interaction between two particles with
the distance separating then, r. Then which of the following statements are correct :

(a) B and D are equilibrium points

(b) C is a point of unstable equilibrium

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 Work,Power and energy

(c) The force of interaction between the two particles is attractive between points C and D and repulsive
between points D and E on the curve
(d) The force of interaction between the particles is repulsion between points E and F on the curve

56. A body of mass 5kg is acted upon by a variable force. The force varies with the distance covered by
the body. Find the kinetic energy of the body when the body has covered 30m distance ? Assume that the
body starts from rest.

(a) 295 J
(b) 105 J
(c) 300 J
(d) 80 J

57. An elevator of mass 500 kg is to be lifted up at a constant velocity of (1.4 ms-1). Find the minimum
power used by the motor ? (Take g = 10 m s-1 and 1 hp = 750 watts).
(a) 1000 W
(b) 5000 W
(c) 3000 W
(d) 2000 W

58. A car of mass ‘m’ is driven with acceleration ‘a’ along a straight level road against a constant external
resistive force ‘R’. When the velocity of the car is ‘V’, the rate at which the engine of the car is doing work
will be -
(a) RV
(b) maV
(c) (R+ma)V
(d) (ma - R)V

59. The potential energy of a system increases if work is done :

(a) upon the system by a nonconservative force
(b) by the system against a conservative force
(c) by the system against a nonconservative force
(d) upon the system by a conservative force

60. A chain of mass m = 0.80 kg and length l = 1.5 m rests on rough - surface table so that one of its ends
hangs over the edge. The chain starts sliding off the table all by itself provided the overhanging part equals
1/3rd of the chain length. The magnitude of total work performed by the friction forces acting on the chain
by the moment it slides completely off the table is [g = 10 ms-1]
(a) 3 J
(b) 2.81 J
(c) 1.33 J
(d) 6.22 J

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61. The displacement x of a body of mass 1 kg on a horizontal smooth surface as a function of time t is
t4
given by x = . The work done in first one second is _____.
4
1
(a) J
4
1
(b) J
2
3
(c) J
4
5
(d) J
4

62. An ice cube of size a = 10 cm is floating in a tank (base = 10cm × 10cm) partially filled with water. The
change in gravitational potential energy, when ice completely melts is
[Density of ice is 900 kg m-3 and g = 10 ms-2]
(a) -0.045 J
(b) -0.016 J
(c) -0.24 J
(d) -0.072 J

63. Equal net forces act on two different blocks A and B of masses m and 4 m respectively. For same
displacement, the correct statement is
KA 1
(a) Their kinetic energies are in the ratio =
KB 4
vA
(b) Their speeds are in the ratio =1
vB
WA 1
(c) Works done on the blocks are in the ratio =
WB 1
(d) All of the above

64. A bullet of mass 125 g leaves a rifle with a velocity of 500 ms-1. The rifle recoils with velocity
5 ms-1. The mass of the rifle is ____
(a) 100 kg
(b) 12.5 kg
(c) 1.25 kg
(d) 125 kg

65. A nucleus of mass number A originally at rest emits an α-particle with a speed v. The recoil speed of
daughter nucleus is _____
2v
(a)
4− A

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 Work,Power and energy

4v
(b)
A+4
v
(c)
A+4
4v
(d)
A−4

66. A body of mass 2 kg makes an elastic collision (headon) with another body at rest and continues to
1 rd
move in the original direction at a speed equal to of its original speed. The mass of second body is
3
____
(a) 2 kg
(b) 3 kg
(c) 1 kg
(d) 4 kg

67. A particle of mass m1 moving with certain velocity collides elastically head on with a particle of mass
m2 at rest. After collision their velocities will be in the ratio of
m1 − m2
(a)
m1 + m2
m1 − m2
(b)
2(m1 + m2 )
2m1
(c)
m1 − m2
m − m2
(d) 1
2m1

68. A body of mass 20 g is moving with a certain velocity. It collides with another body of mass 80 g at
rest. The collision is perfectly inelastic. The ratio of kinetic energies of the system before and after collision
is _____
(a) 2 : 1
(b) 4 : 1
(c) 5 : 1
(d) 3 : 2

69. A rubber ball drops from a height h and after rebounding twice from the ground, it rises to h/2. The
coefficient of restitution is ____
1
(a)
2
1/ 2
1
(b)  
2

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 Work,Power and energy

1/ 4
1
(c)  
2
1/ 6
1
(d)  
2

70. A ball is dropped from height H on to a horizontal surface. If the coefficient of restitution is e then the
total time after which it comes to rest is ____
2H 1− e 
(a)  
g 1+ e 
2H  1 + e 
(b)  
g 1− e 
2H  1 + e2 
(c)  2 
g 1− e 
2 H  1 − e2 
(d)  
g  1 + e2 

71. A particle falls from a height H, upon a fixed horizontal plane and rebounds. If e is the coefficient of
restitution, the total distance travelled before it comes to rest is ___
 1 + e2 
(a) H  2 
1− e 
 1 − e2 
(b) H  2 
.
1+ e 
H  1 − e2 
(c)  
2  1 + e2 
H  1 + e2 
(d)  
2  1 − e2 

72. A body of mass 50 g collides elastically with another body of mass 30 g at rest. Then the percentage
loss of the velocity of the colliding body during collision is ___
(a) 25%
(b) 75%
(c) 50%
(d) 67%

73. A small ball is suspended from a fixed point O by means of an ideal string of length l. The ball is first
taken aside such that the string becomes horizontal and then released from rest. At the bottom, it collides
with a fixed obstacle. The coefficient of restitution is e. The maximum angular deflection of the string after
nth collision is

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 Work,Power and energy

(a) cos-1 (e2n)

(b) sin-1 (e2n)
(c) cos-1 (1-e2n)
(d) sin-1 (1-e2n)

74. Two particles one of mass m and the other of mass 2m are projected horizontally towards each other
from the same level above the ground with velocities 10 ms-1 and 5 ms-1 respectively. They collide in air
and stick to each other. The distance from A, where the combined mass forms is ___

(a) zero
(b) 20
(c) 30
(d) 40

75. A particle is moving along a curved path. If kinetic energy of a particle increases continuously with
time then
(a) the magnitude of linear momentum is increasing continuously with time
(b) the height above the ground level must decrease continuously
(c) resultant force on the particle must be parallel to the velocity at all instants
(d) both (A) and (B) are correct

76. Which of the following statements is wrong ?

(a) A body may have energy without momentum
(b) A body may have momentum without energy
(c) A body must have energy without momentum
(d) Both (A) and (B) are correct

77. A sphere collides with another sphere of identical mass. After collision, the two spheres move. The
collision is inelastic. Then the angle between the directions of two spheres is
(a) 450
(b) different from 900
(c) 900
(d) 00

78. A pump motor is used to deliver water at a certain rate from a given pipe. To obtain twice as much
water from the same pipe in the same time, power of the motor has to be increased to
(a) 16 times
(b) 4 times

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 Work,Power and energy

(c) 8 times
(d) 2 times

79. A particle of mass 0.1 kg is subjected to a force which varies with distance as shown in following figure.
I starts its journey from rest at x = 0, then its velocity at x = 12 m is

(a) 0
(b) 20 2 ms-1
(c) 20 3 ms-1
(d) 40 ms-1

80. The workdone by a conservative force is equal to

(a) change in potential energy
(b) negative of change in potential energy
(c) increase in kinetic energy only
(d) negative change of kinetic energy

81. The centre of mass of a system of particles does not depend on the
(a) masses of the particles
(b) internal forces on the particles
(c) position of the particles
(d) relative separation between the particles

82. A circular plate of diameter d is kept in contact with a square plate of edge d. The density of the
material and the thickness arc same everywhere. The centre of mass of the composite plate will be (a)
inside the circular plate
(b) inside the square plate
(c) at the point of contact
(d) outside the system

83. A body starts from rest and acquires a velocity v in time T. The work done on the body in time t will be
proportional to
v
(a) t
T
v 2t 2
(b) 2
T
v2
(c) 2 t
T
v2 2
(d) t
T

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 Work,Power and energy

84. The system shown in the figure is compressed and then released. If the coefficient of friction between
the blocks and the surface is zero, then the centre of mass of the system

(a) moves in the direction of larger mass

(b) moves in the direction of smaller mass
(c) remains at rest
(d) may move in any direction

85. In headon elastic collision, complete energy is transferred between two colliding objects when
(a) heavier body is at rest and lighter one is moving
(b) lighter body is at rest and heavier one is moving
(c) both the bodies are moving
(d) both the bodies have equal mass

86. Out of the following statement, the false statement is

(A) Kinetic energy is not conserved in all types of collision
(B) Momentum is conserved in all types of collisions
(C) In elastic collision conservative forces are involved
(D) Work-kinetic energy theorem is not applicable to inelastic collisions

87. A ball moving with velocity v collides elastically with another ball of equal mass in a one dimensional
collision. Out of the following the statement that is not possible is
(a) first ball will come to rest

(b) second hall will move with a velocity v

(c) both balls will move with velocity v after collision

(d) the first ball will move with a velocity less than v
 
88. Two bodies having masses m1 and m2 and velocities v1 and v2 collide and form a composite system of
 
m1v1 + m2v2 = 0(m1 ≠ m2 ) . The velocity of the composite system is
 
(a) v1 + v2
 
(b) v1 − v2
 
(v − v2 )
(c) 1
2
(d) zero

89. An impulsive force acting on a particle increases the kinetic energy of the particle by 100 %. The
increase in the momentum is
(a) 10 %
(b) 40 %
(c) 70 %
(d) 100 %

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 Work,Power and energy

90. A pair of balls moving with a common velocity v, along a straight groove collides with left end of a
series of 8 balls kept along the groove. If the coefficient of restitution between the balls is I, then, after
collision

(a) the first ball from the right, alone moves with a speed 2 v
(b) the first ball from the right, alone moves with a speed v
v
(c) all the balls which are originally at rest move with a common velocity of
4
v
(d) all the 10 balls move with a common velocity of
5

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 Work,Power and energy

ANSWER KEY

1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (b) 5. (c) 6. (d) 7. (c) 8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (c) 11. (d) 12. (c) 13. (d) 14. (b) 15. (b) 16. (d) 17.
(d) 18. (c) 19. (a) 20. (d) 21. (c) 22. (b) 23. (c) 24. (b) 25. (b) 26. (b) 27. (b) 28. (d) 29. (c) 30. (d) 31. (d) 32.
(c) 33. (b) 34. (b) 35. (a) 36. (c) 37. (c) 38. (b) 39. (d) 40. (d) 41. (a) 42. (a) 43. (a) 44. (a) 45. (c) 46. (b) 47.
(c) 48. (a) 49. (b) 50. (b) 51. (d) 52. (d) 53. (b) 54. (c) 55. (d) 56. (a) 57. (d) 58. (c) 59. (d) 60. (c) 61. (b) 62.
(a) 63. (c) 64. (b) 65. (d) 66. (c) 67. (d) 68. (c) 69. (c) 70. (b) 71. (a) 72. (b) 73. (c) 74. (d) 75. (a) 76. (a) 77.
(b) 78. (d) 79. (d) 80. (b) 81. (b) 82. (b) 83. (c) 84. (c) 85. (d) 86. (d) 87. (c) 88. (d) 89. (b) 90. (b)

“Detail solutions are mentioned in the content library”

138