A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY

ON IOT
PRESENTED BY –
VARNICA BAJAJ [ 18SCSE1010716 ] CSE-9
AMAN SAXENA [18SCSE1010502 ] CSE-9
AKASH VISHWAKARMA [ 18SCSE1010657 ] CSE-9
WHAT IS IOT?

• The Internet of Things, or IoT, refers to the billions of physical devices around
the world that are now connected to the internet, all collecting and sharing data. 
•  it's possible to turn anything, from something as small as a pill to something as
big as an aeroplane, into a part of the IoT. Connecting up all these different
objects and adding sensors to them adds a level of digital intelligence to devices
that would be otherwise dumb, enabling them to communicate real-time data
without involving a human being. The Internet of Things is making the fabric of
the world around us more smarter and more responsive, merging the digital and
physical universes.
WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF AN INTERNET OF
THINGS DEVICE?

• A lightbulb that can be switched on using a smartphone app is an IoT

device, as is a motion sensor or a smart thermostat in your office or a
connected streetlight. An IoT device could be as fluffy as a child’s toy or
as serious as a driverless truck. Some larger objects may themselves be
filled with many smaller IoT components, such as a jet engine that's now
filled with thousands of sensors collecting and transmitting data back to
make sure it is operating efficiently.
WHAT IS THE HISTORY OF THE INTERNET OF
THINGS?
• The idea of adding sensors and intelligence to basic objects was discussed
throughout the 1980s and 1990s (and there are arguably some much earlier
ancestors).  but apart from some early projects -- including an internet-connected
vending machine -- progress was slow simply because the technology wasn't
ready. Chips were too big and bulky and there was no way for objects to
communicate effectively.
• Kevin Ashton coined the phrase 'Internet of Things' in 1999, although it took at
least another decade for the technology to catch up with the vision.
WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF THE
INTERNET OF THINGS FOR BUSINESS?

• The benefits of the IoT for business depend on the particular

implementation; agility and efficiency are usually top
considerations. The idea is that enterprises should have access to
more data about their own products and their own internal
systems, and a greater ability to make changes as a result.
COMMUNICATIONS MODELS IN IOT

1. The device-to-device communication model represents two or more

devices that directly connect and communicate between one another, rather
than through an intermediary application server. These devices communicate
over many types of networks, including IP networks or the Internet. Often,
however these devices use protocols like Bluetooth, Z-Wave, or ZigBee to
establish direct device-to-device communications.
2. In a device-to-cloud communication model, the IoT device connects directly to an
Internet cloud service like an application service provider to exchange data and control
message traffic. This approach frequently takes advantage of existing communications
mechanisms like traditional wired Ethernet or Wi-Fi connections to establish a
connection between the device and the IP network, which ultimately connects to the
cloud service.

3. In the device-to-gateway model, or more typically, the device-to-application-

layer gateway (ALG) model, the IoT device connects through an ALG service as a
conduit to reach a cloud service. In simpler terms, this means that there is application
software operating on a local gateway device, which acts as an intermediary between
the device and the cloud service and provides security and other functionality such as
data or protocol translation.
4. The back-end data-sharing model refers to a communication architecture
that enables users to export and analyze smart object data from a cloud service
in combination with data from other sources. This architecture supports “the
[user’s] desire for granting access to the uploaded sensor data to third parties”.
This approach is an extension of the single device-to-cloud communication
model, which can lead to data silos where “IoT devices upload data only to a
single application service provider’’. 
CHARACTERISTICS OF IOT
1.Connectivity- This doesn’t need too much further explanation. With
everything going on in IoT devices and hardware, with sensors and other
electronics and connected hardware and control systems there needs to be a
connection between various levels.
2.Things- Anything that can be tagged or connected as such as it’s designed
to be connected. From sensors and household appliances to tagged livestock.
Devices can contain sensors or sensing materials can be attached to devices
and items.
3.Data- Data is the glue of the Internet of Things, the first step towards
action and intelligence.
4.Communication- Devices get connected so they can communicate data and
this data can be analyzed. Communication can occur over short distances or
over a long range to very long range.
5.Intelligence- The aspect of intelligence as in the sensing capabilities
in IoT devices and the intelligence gathered from big data analytics
(also artificial intelligence).
6.Action- The consequence of intelligence. This can be manual action,
action based upon debates regarding phenomena (for instance in smart
factory decisions) and automation, often the most important piece.
7.Ecosystem- The place of the Internet of Things from a perspective of
other technologies, communities, goals and the picture in which the
Internet of Things fits. The Internet of Everything dimension, the
platform dimension and the need for solid partnerships.
APPLICATIONS OF IOT

1. Wearables
• Wearable technology is a hallmark of IoT applications and probably is one of the
earliest industries to have deployed the IoT at its service. We happen to see Fit Bits,
heart rate monitors and smartwatches everywhere these days.
• One of the lesser-known wearables includes the Guardian glucose monitoring device.
The device is developed to aid people suffering from diabetes. It detects glucose
levels in the body, using a tiny electrode called glucose sensor placed under the skin
and relays the information via Radio Frequency to a monitoring device.
The Guardian Glucose Monitoring Device
2.Smart Home Applications
When we talk about IoT Applications, Smart Homes are probably the first thing that we think
of. The best example I can think of here is Jarvis, the AI home automation employed by Mark
Zuckerberg. There is also Allen Pan’s Home Automation System where functions in the house
are actuated by use of a string of musical notes. The following video could give you a better
idea.  
3. IoT Applications – Health Care
IoT applications can turn reactive medical-based systems into proactive wellness-based
systems.
The resources that current medical research uses, lack critical real-world information. It
mostly uses leftover data, controlled environments, and volunteers for medical
examination. IoT opens ways to a sea of valuable data through analysis, real-time field data,
and testing. 
The Internet of Things also improves the current devices in power, precision, and
availability. IoT focuses on creating systems rather than just equipment.
4. IoT Applications – Smart Cities
By now I assume, most of you must have heard about the term Smart City. The hypothesis of
the optimized traffic system I mentioned earlier, is one of the many aspects that constitute a
smart city.
The thing about the smart city concept is that it’s very specific to a city. The problems faced in
Mumbai are very different than those in Delhi. The problems in Hong Kong are different from
New York. Even global issues, like finite clean drinking water, deteriorating air quality and
increasing urban density, occur in different intensities across cities. Hence, they affect each
city differently.
5.Agriculture
Statistics estimate the ever-growing world population to reach nearly 10 billion by the year
2050. To feed such a massive population one needs to marry agriculture to technology and
obtain best results. There are numerous possibilities in this field. One of them is the Smart
Greenhouse.
A greenhouse farming technique enhances the yield of crops by controlling environmental
parameters. However, manual handling results in production loss, energy loss, and labor cost,
making the process less effective.
7.Industrial Automation
This is one of the fields where both faster developments, as well as the quality of products, are the
critical factors for a higher Return on Investment. With IoT Applications, one could even re-engineer
products and their packaging to deliver better performance in both cost and customer experience. IoT
here can prove to be game changing with solutions for all the following domains in its arsenal.
•Factory Digitalization
•Product flow Monitoring
•Inventory Management
•Safety and Security
•Quality Control
•Packaging optimization
WHAT IS SCOPE OF IOT?

• In just 1-year internet connected devices went from 5 million to billions. Business Insider Intelligence
estimates that 24 billion IoT devices would be installed by the year 2020, generating a revenue of over
300 billion.
• IoT iterates,
improves and keeps building. Its networks don’t arrive pre-assembled, they grow over
time. The Internet of Things (IoT) has amalgamated hardware and software to the internet to create a
smarter world. It has been growing at a significant pace and offers a multitude of opportunities for
government and business. In fact, the number of openings for IoT professionals is at an all-time high.
• So, it is the best time to begin exploring the true potential of this technology. Because with IoT, the
future is now!
THANK-YOU