GRID COMPUTING

DONE BY,
POOJASHREE B – (ENG17EC0073)
PRAJWAL RAJU P(ENG17EC0074)
PRATHIMA A L (ENG17EC0076)
GOPIKRISHNA R (ENG17EC0077)
RAJESH K(ENG17EC0079)
 What is Grid Computing ?
• Grid Computing is a Network of computers working together to perform a task that
would rather be difficult for a single machine.

• Computers on the network contribute resources like processing power and storage
capacity to the network.

• The concept of grid computing isn’t new, but it is not yet perfected as there are no
standard rules and protocols established and accepted by people.
 GRID COMPUTING VS
COMPUTING
• User Management is
Decentralized.
• Other computer picks up the work
whenever the computer stops
• Operates within a corporate
network
• Accessibility is Through Grid
middleware
• Works on Multiple Domains
• Scalability is Normal
• Computation power Maximum
CLOUD
• User Management is Centralized
• Totally dependent on internet
• Can also operate through the
internet
• Accessibility is Through standard
Web protocol
• Works on Single Domain
• Scalability is High
• On-demand Computation power
 IMPORTANCE OF GRID COMPUTING
• Grid computing (or the use of a computational grid) is the application of several
computers to a single problem at the same time.
• Grid computing is flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic
collections of individuals, institutions, and resources.
•  Grid computing enables the virtualization of distributed computing resources such as
processing, network bandwidth ,and storage capacity to create a single system image,
granting users and applications seamless access to vast IT capabilities.
 GRID ARCHITECTURE
• FABRIC LAYER: Provides the resources to which shared access in mediated
by Grid protocols.
• CONNECTIVITY LAYER: Defines the core communication and the
authentication protocols required for the grid-specific network functions.
• RESOURCES LAYER: Defines protocols, APIs, and SDKs for secure
negotiations, initiative, monitoring control ,accounting and payment of sharing
operations on individual resources.
• COLLECTIVE LAYER: Contains protocols and services that capture
interactions among a collection of resources.
• APPLICATION LAYER: These are user application that operate within VO
environment.
 WORKIN
G
A Grid computing network mainly consists of these three types of machines
1. Control Node:
A computer, usually a server or a group of servers which administrates the whole network and keeps the
account of the resources in the network pool.
2. Provider:
The computer which contributes it’s resources in the network resource pool.
3. User:
The computer that uses the resources on the network.

CONTROL NODE
 WORKING (Contd…)
 When a computer makes a request for resources to the control node,
control node gives the user access to the resources available on the
network.
 When it is not in use it should ideally contribute it’s resources to the
network.
 Hence a normal computer on the node can swing in between being a
user or a provider based on it’s needs. The nodes may consist of
machines with similar platforms using same OS called homogenous
networks, else machines with different platforms running on various
different OS called heterogenous networks.
 This is the distinguishing part of grid computing from other
distributed computing architectures.
WORKING (Contd…)
Middleware
 For controlling the network and it’s resources a software/networking protocol is used generally known
as Middleware. This is responsible for administrating the network and the control nodes are merely it’s
executors.
 As a grid computing system should use only unused resources of a computer, it is the job of the control node
that any provider is not overloaded with tasks.
 Another job of the middleware is to authorize any process that is being executed on the network.
 In a grid computing system, a provider gives permission to the user to run anything on it’s computer, hence it is
a huge security threat for the network. Hence a middleware should ensure that there 
 TYPES OF GRID COMPUTING
 Computational Grid
• computing power

 Scavenging Grid
• Desktop machines

 Data grid
• Data access across multiple
organizations
 COMPUTATIONAL GRID
• A computational grid is a loose network of computers linked
to perform grid computing. In a computational grid, a large
computational task is divided up among individual machines,
which run calculations in parallel and then return results to
the original computer
• A computational grid is focused on setting aside resources specifically
for computing power.
• In this type of grid, most of the machines are high performance
servers.
 SCAVENGING GRID
• A scavenging grid is most commonly used with large numbers of
desktop machines.
• A cycle-scavenging system that moves projects from one PC
to another as needed
• Machines are scavenged for available CPU cycles and other resources.
• Owners of the desktop machine are usually given control over when
their resources are available to participate in the grid.
 DATA GRID
• A system that handles large distributed data sets used for
data management and controlled user sharing.
• It creates virtual environments that support dispersed and
organized research.
• A data grid is responsible for housing and providing access to data
across multiple organizations.
• Users are not concerned with where this data is located as long as
they have access to the data.
 ADVANTAGES OF GRID COMPUTING
• It makes much more efficient use of idle resources.
• Grid environments are much more modular and don’t have a single point of
failure.
• The policies can be managed by the grid software.
• Jobs can be executed in parallel and as a result it helps to speed the
performance.
• The management is not centralized.
• It gives much more flexibility to the system.
• Multiple heterogenous machines can use grid computing network.
• It can solve larger problems in shorter time.
 BUSINESS BENEFITS
• It improves the overall efficiency.
• It helps to make a much more flexible environment respectively.
• It helps to bring the people from different organization together.
• It can easily adapt to the fluctuations in customer demands.
 DISADVANTAGES OF GRID COMPUTING
• Grid environments usually include many smaller servers across
various administrative domains. So the management is slightly tedious
work.
• You may need fast interconnect between compute resources.
• Several groups are not ready to share the resources.
• Licensing across server is an issue for some applications.
• For memory hungry application which can’t take advantage of MPI,
you may be forced to run on a large SMP.
 GENERAL APPLICATIONS OF GRID
COMPUTING
• Super distributed computing.
• Systems distributed in real time.
• Specific Services.
• The intensive process of data.
 REFERENCES
• https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/grid-computing/
• https://data-flair.training/blogs/grid-computing-vs-cloud-computing/
• https://www.serverpronto.com/spu/2018/12/advantages-and-disadvantages-and-applications-of-gri
d-computing/
• https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/173860/12/12_chapter%203.pdf
• https://www.ukessays.com/essays/information-technology/introduction-grid-computing-importanc
e-of-grid-computing-information-technology-essay.php
• https://www.slideshare.net/RichaChaudhary2/grid-computing-ppt-14948003
• https://www.toolbox.com/tech/tech-general/blogs/grid-computing-advantages-and-disadvantages-0
40908/
• https://www.dartmouth.edu/~rc/classes/intro_grid/Grid-Advantages.html