CARDIOVASCULAR AND

CIRCULATORY FUNCTIONS

DEARY MAE Y. LIM, MAN, RN

INSTRUCTOR

AMCC
SON
AY 2020 - 2021
S. MORRIS 2006
 Above all else, guard your
heart,
for everything you do flows
from it.

Proverbs 4:23
 What is the circulatory system?

 The circulatory system carries blood and dissolved

substances to and from different places in the body.

 The Heart has the job of pumping these things around

the body.

 The Heart pumps blood and substances around the

body in tubes called blood vessels.

 The Heart and blood vessels together make up the

Circulatory System.
 How does this system work?

pulmonary vein lungs pulmonary artery

head & arms

aorta
main vein

Right Left

liver

digestive system

kidneys

legs
Circulatory System
 Our circulatory system is a double circulatory system.
This means it has two parts.

Lungs

the right side of the the left side of the

system system

deals with deals with

deoxygenated blood. oxygenated blood.

Body cells
 The Heart

This is a vein. It brings These are arteries. They

blood from the body, carry blood away from
except the lungs. the heart.

2 atria
Coronary arteries,
the hearts own
2 ventricles blood supply

The heart has four chambers

now lets look inside the heart

 The Heart

Artery to Lungs Artery to Head and Body

Vein from Head and Body

Vein from Lungs

Right Atrium
Left Atrium

valve valve

Right Ventricle Left Ventricle

Simple recall
Review on cardiac blood flow:
deoxygenated

• Blood : SVC/IVC – RA (passes TV) – RV – (passes

PV) – PA – L (for oxygenation/Pulmonary
circulation/oxygenated) – PV – LA – (passes MV) –
LV – (passes AV) – A to the body
(ascending & descending)

(systemic circulation) -
Recall
 3 layers of the heart
1. Exterior layer or ______
epicardium

2. Middle layer or _______

myocardium
3. Inner layer or _______
endocardium
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
The heart = located in the left side of the mediastinum.

Layers:
a. The epicardium (outer layer of the heart)
b. The myocardium (middle layer, actual contracting
muscle of the heart.)
c. The endocardium (inner layer and lines the inner
chambers and heart valves)
Pericardial sac
Encases and protects the heart from trauma and infection

Layers:
a. The parietal pericardium (Fibrous) - outer membrane
Attaches :
anteriorly to the lower half of the sternum,
posteriorly to the thoracic vertebrae,
inferiorly to the diaphragm.
b. The visceral (serous) pericardium is the thin, inner
layer that closely adheres to the heart.

pericardial space
between the parietal and visceral layers;
holds 5 to 20 mL of pericardial fluid,

lubricates the pericardial surfaces, and cushions the

heart.
Coronary arteries and its functions
 HEART SIDES

LEFT
LEFT

LEFT

= HARDWORKER
= THICKER MUSCLE
= HIGHER PRESSURE
 LUNAR
SEMI VENTRICULA
ATRIO
R

CARDIAC VALVES
1. CONDUCTIVITY
2. AUTOMATICITY
3. RHYTHMYCITY
4. EXCITABILITY
5. EXTENSIBILITY
6. REFRACTORINESS

A. TRANSMIT D. RESPOND
B. INITIATE E. STRETCH
C. PATTERN F. REST
ANSWERS
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. E
6. F
PROPERTIES OF CARDIAC MUSCLE

C = CONDUCT-IVITY
A = AUTO-MATICITY
R = RHYTHM- ICITY
E = EXCIT-ABILITY
E = EXTENS-IBILITY
R = REFRACT-ORINESS
 TERMS & DEFINITIONS

CONDUCTIVITY
- the electrical conduction system that controls the heart rate. this system
generates electrical impulses and conducts them throughout the muscle of
the heart, stimulating the heart to contract and pump blood. 

AUTOMATICITY: 
- the ability to spontaneously depolarize and generate an action potential.

RHYTHMICITY 
- is the spontaneous depolarization and repolarization event that occurs in a
repetitive and stable manner within the cardiac muscle.

EXCITABILITY
- is the ability of a cardiac cell to generate an action potential at its membrane in
response to depolarization and to transmit an impulse along the membrane. 

EXTENSIBILITY 
- is the ability of a muscle to be stretched.
Cont’n..

REFRACTORINESS
-

CONTRACTILITY: 
- the potential to do work, often measured as the ability of muscle
tissue to develop tension or shorten. influenced by heart rate,
catecholamines, and other factors.

EFFECTIVE REFRACTORY PERIOD (ERP): 

- the time period following an action potential upstroke during which a
second subsequent action potential cannot be generated by a
physiological stimulus.
 TEST:
SYSTOLE - DIASTOLE
1. BLOOD EJECTION
2. CONTRACT
3. MITRAL VALVE CLOSE
4. SYNCRHONOUS WITH R WAVE
5. BEGINS WITH S1, ENDS WITH S2
RELAXATION CONTRACTIO
N

LUBB DUBB
CARDIOVASCULAR:
SYSTOLE
DIASTOLE

CONTRACT S1
RELAX S2
LUBB DUBB
AV CLOSE SL CLOSE
MITRAL AORTIC
EJECTION FILLING
APEXBASE
SYSTOLE DIASTOLE
CONTRACT RELAX
S1 S2
LUBB DUBB
AV CLOSE SL CLOSE
MITRAL AORTIC
EJECTION FILLING
APEX BASE
R WAVE AFTER T
 SYSTOLE

CARDIAC
CYCLE
S1 S2
LUBB DUBB

DIASTOLE
ACTION POTENTIAL
1. SODIUM
2. CALCIUM
3. POTASSIUM

A. FAST INWARD
B. SLOW INWARD
C. OUTWARD
ANTIARRHYTHMICS:

I (1A)QUINIDINE, (IB) LIDOCAINE,

(C) FLECAINIDE
(All: Sodium channel)
II Beta BLOCKERS (automaticity)
III AMIODARONE (Potassium channel)
IV CC BLOCKERS (Calcium channel)
 1
Class iV

1 Class i

1 Class III
1 Class ii
ANTIARRHYTHMICS:
A. I
B. II
C. III
D. IV

1. LIDOCAINE, QUINIDINE
2. B BLOCKERS
3. AMIODARONE
4. CC BLOCKERS
ANTIARRHYTHMICS:
A. I
B. II
C. III
D. IV
1. PLATEAU BLOCKER
2. REPOLARIZATIONNNNNN
3. AUTOMATICITYYYYYYYY
4. PHASE 0 BLOCKER
The left main coronary
artery consists of two
major branches:
- left anterior descending
- Circumflex arteries.

The left anterior

descending artery
supplies:
anterior wall of the left
ventricle
anterior ventricular
septum,
apex of the left ventricle.
Coronary arteries

1. The coronary arteries supply the capillaries of the myocardium

with blood.

2. The right coronary artery supplies:

right atrium and ventricle
inferior portion of the left ventricle,
posterior septal wall,
sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes.

3. The left main coronary artery consists of two major branches:

left anterior descending
Circumflex arteries.
4. The left anterior descending artery supplies:
anterior wall of the left ventricle
anterior ventricular septum,
apex of the left ventricle.

5. The circumflex artery supplies blood :

left atrium
lateral and posterior of the left ventricle.
The vascular system
1. Arteries are vessels through which the blood passes away
from the heart to various parts of the body; they convey
highly oxygenated blood from the left side of heart to the
tissues.

2. Arterioles control the blood flow into the capillaries.

3. Capillaries allow the exchange of fluid and nutrients

between the blood and the interstitial spaces.
4. Venules receive blood from the capillary bed and
move blood into the veins.

5. Veins transport deoxygenated blood from the tissues

back to the right heart and then to the lungs for
oxygenation.

6. Valves help return blood to the heart against the

force of gravity.

7. The lymphatics drain the tissues and return the

tissue fluid to the blood.