Engineering Geology

Yang Dayong
self-introduction
Hello, everyone.
I am your teacher, my name is Yang
Dayong.
杨大勇， 13898159180 ，
I am honored to meet everyone here.
self-introduction
First of all, I want to say that my English is
poor. I can't express myself smoothly.
The English I have learned is simple reading
English, is limited to read something and
grammar.
And I have not used English for many years.
I sincerely say sorry for this.
self-introduction
Though my English is poor, don't worry
about it.
In my PPT, there are lots of pictures.
By understanding these pictures, you can
learn this course successfully.
self-introduction
There are many professional words in our
lessons. I'll tell you what they mean in
Chinese.
I think that will help you to remember them
and learn more Chinese.
I think Chinese will become more and more
useful.
 The score of this course
The total score is 100 points.
1. Attendance, 30 points. If you do not
come more than 5 times, no score.
If absent, you will be reduced the
corresponding points.
2.Midsemester, 10 points.
3. The last class, examination. 40 points.
4. Homework, 2 times, 20 points.
 The score of this course
Your points will be divided into five grades.
优 A ： 90-100 ；
良 B ： 80-89 ；
中 C ： 70-79 ；
及格 D ： 60-69 ；
不及格 E ： 0-60 ；
I will give you a very fair score for your
hardwork.
 Learning contents
1.What is the Engineering Geology?
2.Definition of the Engineering Geology
3.Development of the Engineering Geology
4.Course objectives
5.Requirements
1.What is Engineering
Geology?
Engineering geology is a science that
studies geological problems related to
engineering construction.
It belongs to the category of geology.
Applying basic knowledge of geological
science to engineering practice.
1.What is Engineering
Geology?
Engineering geology is an applied branch of
earth science.
All human live on the earth.
Every engineering construction is carried
out on the earth's crust.
If we want to live better, we must treat the
earth more scientifically.
1.What is Engineering
Geology?
It is primarily devoted to the study of
rocks , soil and underground water.
1.What is Engineering
Geology?
Engineering Geology describes how to inve
stigate those conditions and to define an eng
ineering response 响应 that will either a
void or reduce or even eliminate 消除 the
problems revealed 显露的 .
1.What is Engineering
Geology?
A Geologic materials (composition,
geometry, & properties)
1 Rocks; 2 Sedimentary deposits; 3 Soils
B Geologic structures
1 Folds; 2 Fractures
C Geologic processes
1 Earthquakes; 2 Landslides; 3 Rockfalls;
4 Coastal erosion; 5 Ground subsidence
1.What is Engineering
Geology?
This is essential for 必不可少的 proper
location, planning, design, construction,
operation, and maintenance 维护 of
engineering structures.
1.What is Engineering
Geology?
In addition, engineering geology is
associated with the assessment 评估 and
implementation 实施 of corrective
measures for a wide variety of natural and
man-made hazards 危害 .
 Learning contents
1.What is Engineering Geology?
2.Definition of the Engineering Geology
3.Development of the Engineering Geology
4.Course Objectives
5.requirements
2.Definition
According to the statutes 法规 of
International Association of Engineering
Geology ( IAEG ) 1992.
Engineering Geology is the science devoted
to the investigation 调查 , study and
solution of engineering and environmental
problems which may arise as the result of the
interaction between geology and the activities
of man.
2.Definition
As well as to the prediction and the
development of measures for prevention or
remediation 补救 of geological hazards.

Simply put, the science of geology applied to

relevant 相关的 aspects of engineering
practice is engineering geology.
 2.Definition
A remediation example

The Leaning Tower of Pisa

Leaning Tower of Pisa was

remedied after several
geological operations.
2.Definition A remediation example
now ： The tower is inclined 倾斜 5.5 degrees

1360 ： Start to build ， completed in

1370 ， 8 floors ， 55m

1272 ： Start to build to the 7th floors ， in 6

years, 48m ， stop building

1178 ： 4 floors ， the height is 29m ， stop

building ， The tower is tilted 倾斜

1173 ： Start to build

reason ： The ground is the silty sand 粉砂 ,

the silt cannot support the weight of the tower.
2.Definition A remediation example

remediation ：

1838-1839 ： Excavating 挖掘 ring foundation

pit; unloading ；

1933-1935 ： waterproof treatment ； grouting

灌浆； reinforcement 加固；

1990.1 ： closed ；

1992.7 ： reinforce the tower and deal with the

ground;

now ： Open to visitors;

2.Definition
The course is designed for students of geolo
gy, engineering geology and civil engineeri
ng,
and illustrates 阐述 how geology is relate
d to calculations 计算 of stability 稳定
性 , deformation 变形 and groundwater
flow 地下水径流 .
 2.Definition
unstability - geological disaster Hongkong

landslide
滑坡
2.Definition
Because of the lack of land, the buildings
were built on the hillside.
2.Definition
Rainstorm made the slope soil slide rapidly
with the surface water.
2.Definition
The landslide caused 67 deaths.
By learning engineering geology, we can deal with
this instability problem.

A large number of buildings were destroyed.

 2.Definition
Deformation of the foundation

Canada Transcona Barn,1913

It was completely toppled （倒塌） within 24 hours

when filling the grain.
2.Definition

The reason: By calculation, the strength of the base is

insufficient, the foundation can’t support the barn and
the gain.
Doesn't he study engineering geology?

I just want to ask, what did designers do?

 2.Definition

groundwater flow

Teton Dam

At 10:30

June 5, 1976

A small hole appeared on the dam and water flowed out

 2.Definition

groundwater flow

Teton Dam

At 11:00

June 5, 1976

The small hole grow rapidly, and the amount of wat

er becomes very large.
2.Definition

groundwater flow

Teton Dam

At 11:30

June 5, 1976

A new hole appeared

above the huge hole.
 2.Definition

groundwater flow

Teton Dam

At 10:57

June 5, 1976

The dam was breached

and the flood flowed.
 2.Definition
The flood destroyed the dam and all the facilities nearby
the valley.

direct loss : $80 million;

14 deaths;
600 thousand acres of
land and 32 km of rail
was destroyed;
2.Definition
Engineering Geology concerns about 担忧
the influence of geology on construction an
d deals with application of the geosciences t
o assure the safety, efficiency 效率 , and ec
onomy of engineering activities.
2.Definition
Engineering Geology also concerns with the
geological problems encountered in civil en
gineering.
Its main task is to investigate and evaluate
评估 the geological engineering problems,
provide the basic information for the plan, d
esign and construction of the civil engineeri
ng.
2.Definition
Engineering geology contributes to the
development activity of a country that
necessitates construction of high dams,
large reservoirs, long tunnels, railways,
highways, and several other engineering
structures.
2.Definition
Solving engineering problems of high
dams
2.Definition
Solving engineering problems of highways
2.Definition
Solving engineering problems of long tunnels
 Learning contents
1.What is Engineering Geology?
2.Definition of the Engineering Geology
3.Development of the Engineering Geology
4.Course Objectives
5.requirements
3.Development
Engineering, characterised by the highway
and railway construction, on the other hand,
remained as an eminently 突出地
practical subject.
The theoretical understanding 理论认知
of engineering was driven by practical
engineering problems.
3.Development
primitive architecture- simple practical
engineering problems
3.Development
primitive architecture- simple practical
engineering problems
Where is more suitable for building a
house?
3.Development
The geological knowledge of the engineer,
confronted 面对 by increasingly difficult
engineering challenges, but did not progress
进步 as rapidly as geology.
 3.Development
ancient architecture- increasingly difficult
engineering challenges

pyramid
 3.Development
ancient architecture- increasingly difficult
engineering challenges
How can it stay for thousands of years?

the Great Wall

3.Development
Thus, by the end of the nineteenth century
the majority of civil engineers knew
relatively 相当地 little about geology,
and very few geologists were concerned
about, or interested in, its engineering
applications 应用 .
3.Development
This widening division 扩大的部分
between geology and engineering was
partly bridged in the nineteenth and early
twentieth century by the development of
soil mechanics 土力学 by engineers.
3.Development
The great leap forward
大跃进 may be
considered to have
taken place with the
publication of
“Erdbaumechanik” 土
力学 by Karl
Terzaghi 太沙基 in
1925.
3.Development
There was, by the 1940s, a trend for civil
engineers to employ geologists in an
advisory capacity 顾问身份 .
3.Development
Most of the early
engineering geologists
were geologists who
had gravitated 被吸引
into engineering
employment, educating
themselves by study
and experience.
3.Development
Certain notable 著名的 engineers, such
as Robert Leggett in Canada, developed
their geological knowledge to achieve the
complementary 补充 aim.
Engineering geology became sufficiently
充分地 developed for the subject to form
part of university curricula 课程 .
3.Development
Thus, in Imperial College 帝国理工学院 ,
engineering geology was taught at
postgraduate level 研究生水平 to both
geologists and engineers as early as 1957.
3.Development
Courses progressively developed elsewhere
in England, Europe, America and Canada
during the subsequent decades.

Good practice has been achieved in

engineering geology in China.
China has vast territory 领土 , complex geol
ogical conditions and abundant resources.
China's land area is about 9.6 million square
kilometers.
China has 34 provincial administrative divis
ions.
The development of China in recent decade
s has led to the development of Engineering
geology.
Because China has built many world-class c
omplex projects.
We called China Infrastructure Construction
CrazyDemon. 基建狂魔
The 55 km Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge
Beijing-Urumqi expressway, the longest expresswa
y across desert in the world.
The world's largest caliber, the most sensitive radi
o spectacles, caliber 500 meters, in Guizhou
province.
High speed rail built on permafrost
Hangzhou bay sea-crossing bridge, the world's lon
gest sea-crossing bridge, 36 km in length.
San Xia Dam, the largest hydropower station in th
e world.
The building area is 57.2 square kilometers. Beijin
g Capital International Air Freight Base is the larg
est air freight base in the world.
The world's tallest bridge with a drop of 565 meter
s. Beipanjiang bridge in Liupanshui, Guizhou
province.
Pingtang Bridge in Guizhou Province-the Largest
Viaduct in the World.
Learning content
1.What is Engineering Geology?
2.Definition of the Engineering Geology
3.Development of the Engineering Geology
4.Course Objectives
5.requirements
4.Course Objectives
The primary purpose of this course is to give s
tudents in Civil an understanding of earth ma
terials and their properties 性能 , and the natu
ral processes that act on those materials and af
fect manmade structures.
4.Course Objectives
This knowledge will be applied to 应用于
various examples from Civil Engineering to
Geological Engineering.
4.Course Objectives
A secondary course goal is based upon the assump
tion 假定 that most of you in this class will dea
l professionally with geologists in your careers 职
业.
4.Course Objectives
Thus an understanding of the terms 条款
and methods used by geologists will enable
you to better communicate with 交流 ge
oscientists and to properly interpret 说明
problems encountered in your fields.
 Learning contents
1.What is Engineering Geology?
2.Definition of the Engineering Geology
3.Development of the Engineering Geology
4.Course Objectives
5.requirements
5.requirements
1. To master the basic concepts 概念 abo
ut Engineering Geology.
2. To comprehend 理解 the main geologi
cal problems occurred in engineering.
3. To know how the problems happened, ho
w we can prevent it.
5.requirements
1. Truancy is not allowed.
2. Listen carefully in class. There is a Chine
se proverb called " skills can not overwhel
m you". It must bu useful to learn more.
3. Taking exams and doing homework can
help you get high score without crying in m
y office.