Ideal Parameters

Single Unit

Low Friability

Low Dust particle

Even Particle Shape

High Hardness

Predictable Release Profile

Ease in coating

Less GIT Irritation

Lowered risk of side effects

Granulation by Extrusion Spheronization

Presented to: Dr.Abubakar

Presented by: Rida Fatima
Iqra Raiz
Objectives:
In the end of the lecture you will be able to understand about the
01 Granules and Pellets.

02 In the end of the lecture you will be able to understand about the
Process of Extrusion Spheronization

In the end of the lecture you will be able to understand about the
03 working of equipment's used in the Extrusion and spheronization.

04 In the end of the lecture you will be able to understand about the process
variables and parameters which effect the process and granuaues
 Contents
Granulation
Dry Mixing Advantages and
and Pellets Extrusion Drying Disadvantages

Process Layout Wet Granulation Spheronization Parameters

 Granulation:
Defined as agglomeration of the particles,
Definition converting the small particles into large
particles of specific size.

Agglomeration

Small Particles Excipients Granules

 Process Layout
6
5
Screening (optional)

4 Drying

Spheronization
3

2
Extrusion

1 Wet Massing

Dry Mixing
 Process Layout
Dry Mixing
Wet Massing Extrusion

Homogeneous powder Liquid Extruders

Powders blend Wet Mass

Spheronization

Drying

Pellets Spheroids
 1
Dry Mixing Hopper
Feed

2
Wet Massing
Rotating
3 Shaft
Extrusion

4 Spheronization
Rotating
5 Drying Cylinder

Rotating
Blades

Homogeneous powder blend

 Liquid+ Powder

1
Dry Mixing

2 WET MASSING
3 Extrusion
Rotating Blades
4
Spheronization

5 Wet Mass
Drying
1 Dry Mixing
Hopper
2
Wet Massing

3 Extrusion
4 Spheronization

5 Drying
 Types of Extruder
1 Dry Mixing

2 Wet Massing

Extrusion
3 Screw Extruder
Gravity Feed Extruder

Piston Feed Extruder

4 Spheronization

5 Drying
Axial Extruder
 Types of Extruder
1 Dry Mixing

2
Wet Massing

Extrusion
3 Screw Extruder
Gravity Feed Extruder
Piston Feed Extruder
4 Spheronization

5 Drying Radial Extruder

 Types of Extruder

1 Dry Mixing

2
Wet Massing

Extrusion
3 Screw Extruder
Gravity Feed Extruder
Piston Feed Extruder
4 Spheronization
Dome Extruder
5 Drying
 Types of Extruder
1 Dry Mixing

2
Wet Massing

Extrusion
3 Screw Extruder
Gravity Feed Extruder
Piston Feed Extruder
4 Spheronization

5 Drying Radial Extruder

3 Extrusion
Gravity Feed Extruder

Geer Roll Cylinder Roll

Types of Extruder
 Types of Extruder
1 Dry Mixing

2
Wet Massing

Extrusion
3 Screw Extruder
Gravity Feed Extruder

Piston Feed Extruder

4 Spheronization
Ram Extruder

5 Drying
 Spheronizer disks having two geometric Patterns
1 Dry Mixing

2 WET MASSING

3 Extrusion zz

4
Spheronization
Radial pattern Cross hatch pattern

5
Drying
1 Dry Mixing
Side wall
2 WET MASSING
Jacket
3 Extrusion

4
Spheronization

5
Drying
 Theory 1
1 Dry Mixing

2 WET MASSING

3 Extrusion
Round Dumbbell Ellipsoid
Cylinder Cylinder shape Sphere

4
Spheronization

5
Drying
 Theory 2
1 Dry Mixing

2 WET MASSING

3 Extrusion
Twisted Spheres with
Cylinder Rope shape cavity Spheres
dumbbell
4 Spheronization

5
Drying
1 Dry Mixing

2 WET MASSING Fluidized bed

chamber
3 Extrusion

4 Spheronization

5
Drying Dry material
Hot air gas
 Parameters

Dry Mixing Extrusion Drying

Equipment Type
Equipment Equipment
Die Length
Temperature
Mixing time Feed Rate
Time

Equipment Type Residence Time

Fluid Type Disk Speed
Fluid Level
Wet Mass Time

Wet
Granulation Spheronization
Advantages

For both immediate and controlled release.

01
High levels of active in small particles
02
Improve bioavailability and dissolution
03 rate.

Less GIT irritation.

04
 Reference
 Handbook of pharmaceutical granulation technology (2005 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC)
 Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences II (2016)
 http://refhub.elsevier.com/S1818-0876(16)30072-1/sr0070
 A TECHNICAL NOTE ON GRANULATION TECHNOLOGY: A WAY TO OPTIMISE GRANULES
(REVIEW article-international journal of pharmaceutical sciences)
 AAPS PharmSciTech 2005; 6 (2) Article 26 (http://www.aapspharmscitech.org).
 European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 67 (2007) 227–235
 Pelletization by Extrusion-Spheronization- A detailed review (sponsors@arjournals.com)
 Novel techniques of granulation – A review
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/310835510_NOVEL_TECHNIQUES_OF_GRANULATION_A_RE
VIEW?enrichId=rgreq-8e2f341d457a3b37c7193677b987b223-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzMxM
DgzNTUxMDtBUzo1Mjc1MDk3MjU5NDU4NTdAMTUwMjc3OTUyNzg5OA%3D%3D&el=1_x_3&_esc=p
ublicationCoverPdf
 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262049187_Pharmaceutical_Granulation_Processes_Mechanism_and
_the_Use_of_Binders?enrichId=rgreq-aecc48da05f46f24fd8f107496f9adc1-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQY
WdlOzI2MjA0OTE4NztBUzoxMTc3NTgxMjU2Nzg1OTJAMTQwNTA4NzEzMzYyNw%3D%3D&el=1_x_3
&_esc=publicationCoverPdf
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Thank You For
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our Attention
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