DIRECT FILLING
GOLD:
SHALINI MARIA
Introduction
Points to know
CONTENTS Condensation
Preparation
Conclusion
Gold, the noblest of metals, has been
used by man for more than 5000 years
Gold has derived its name from the Old
INTRODUCTION English Anglo-Saxon word
‘Geolo’ → YELLOW.
The symbol origin is from the latin word
‘Aurum’ → “Glowing Dawn”
POINTS TO KNOW
• The karat system (k) specifies the gold content of an alloy based
on parts of gold per 24 parts of the alloy.
• Thus 24 karat indicates pure gold.
• Fineness is the unit that describes the gold content in noble
metal alloys by the number of parts of gold in each 1000 parts of
alloy.
• Pure gold has fineness of 1000 .
Degassing can be accomplished in any of the 3 forms:
• By an open alcohol flame: middle zone of flame , 3-5s before
inserting
• A mica over a flame: heating element, 5 mins for heating
• Electric degassing: Most controlled & standardised , 5mins max
The gold is passed into the blue inner
core of the flame on the tip of a
foil-passing instrument and held just
until the gold becomes dull red,
and then the instrument is withdrawn
from the flame.
After few seconds of cooling, the gold is placed in the preparation.
• The E-Z Gold pellet must be heated 1/2 to 1 inch above the
ethanol flame until a bright flame occurs (caused by ignition of
the wax) and the pellet becomes dull red for 2 to 3 seconds, then
it is withdrawn from above the flame.
HOW TO MAKE THE FOIL CARRIER
Take a piece of piano wire 1½ inches in length by ½ mm in diameter
and mount in a broach holder, ½ inch being inside the holder.
Place the protruding wire flat in a tiny groove on a smooth wooden
surface and with the flat surface of a gold file bring it to a long
tapering sharp point.
Bend this wire to an angle of 12½ centigrade just 3/8 inch from its
point.
The pellets are held by the carrier and passed individually through
the clean flame of an alcohol lamp.
The angle of the wire portion of the carrier is passed through
the flame first. This is then immediately followed by the
pellet.
Both angle and pellet should pass just beneath the apex of the
flame. The pellet should be heated just for a color change, NO
MORE!
Each pellet is annealed immediately before placement; other
methods are relatively less satisfactory.
MODES OF CONDENSATION
• HAND INSTRUMENT CONDENSATION
• PNEUMATIC CONDENSATION
• ELECTRONIC CONDENSATION
• HAND CONDENSER AND MALLET
Pneumatic condenser with various tip shapes.
• Condensers are designed to deliver forces of compaction to
direct golds.
• Condensers used in the handpieces of the Electro-Mallet or
pneumatic mallet consist of
a nib, or working tip, and
a short shank (approximately 1 inch [2.5 cm] in length) that fits into
the malleting handpiece.
• Condensers used with the hand mallet are longer (approximately
6 inches [15 cm]) and have a blunt-ended handle that receives
light blows from the hand mallet.
• Condenser nibs are available in several shapes and sizes.
• All have pyramidal serrations on the nib faces to prevent slipping
on the gold.
Round condensers
0.4 to 0.55 mm in diameter
Varney foot condenser
which has a rectangular face that is approximately
1 to 1.3 mm,
Parallelogram condensers,
which are used only for hand pressure compaction
and have nib faces that measure approximately
0.5 to 1 mm
• Direct-filling gold must be compacted during insertion into tooth
preparations.
• With the exception of E-Z Gold, the compaction takes the form of
malleting forces that are delivered either by a hand mallet used
by the assistant or by an Electro-Mallet or a pneumatic mallet
used by the dentist.
• E-Z Gold, because of its powdered form, may be compacted by
heavy hand pressure delivered in a rocking motion with specially
designed hand condensers.
• The round condensers are used to condense foil in the starting
retention points.
• They come in 0.4 to 0.55 mm in diameter.
• The smaller the nib face size (i.e., area), the greater the pounds per
square inch delivered (given a constant malleting force)
• The line of direction of compaction should bisect the line angle
and trisect the point angle.
• CONDENSATION FORCE: 15lb/sq inch of force on the condenser nib
• Less force is needed for small condenser nibs than for larger ones.
• Force of condensation must be at 45° to cavity walls and floors.
• Two fundamental principles involved in compaction of cohesive
gold are to:
(1) weld the gold into a cohesive mass and
(2) wedge as much gold as possible into the tooth preparation.
Gold foil compacts readily because of its thin form and produces a
mass with isolated linear channels of microporosity .
Because the thin folds of the gold pellet weld to each other, the
remaining channels of microporosity do not appear to be entirely
confluent with one another
It is recommended that compaction of E-Z Gold be done by
hand pressure.
As compaction is performed, the bag of atomized gold is
opened and the spheres of gold powder move over one
another and against the preparation walls.
Heavy and methodic hand pressure with the condensers is
required to compact this form of gold effectively.
COMPACTION OF GOLD FOIL
• The Electro-Mallet is an acceptable condenser if the
manufacturer's instructions for mallet intensity are followed.
• Correct hand malleting technique requires a light, bouncing
application of the mallet to the condenser, rather than the
delivery of heavy blows.
COMPACTION OF E-Z GOLD
• Using an amalgam condenser or a gold foil condenser, the first pellet
of E-Z Gold is pressed into the depth of the tooth preparation and
tamped into position.
• A small condenser is then selected to thrust and wedge the gold into
opposing line angles and against opposing walls, to secure the mass
in the preparation.
• Additional pellets are added (one at a time, banking against the
preparation walls) until the entire preparation is filled.
• To avoid creation of large void spaces in the restoration, a dense, fully
condensed surface is obtained with each pellet before subsequent
pellets are added.
Cavity Preparation
• The ideal depth of the preparation should be 2–3 mm and into
dentin.
• The shape of the preparation could be circular, pear shaped, or
triangular depending on the operator’s choice.
• The ideal depth is then made using a flat-ended bur; the walls are
smoothed and retention is achieved using a 34 inverted cone bur
at the base of the preparation.
• The final step of the preparation is to use a 7901 finishing bur to
smooth the outline and remove any unsupported enamel rods.
• If after removal of the existing restoration the depth of the cavity
is deeper than 3–4 mm, a base should be placed to protect the
pulp.
GENERAL STEPS FOR INSERTION
3 STEP BUILD UP OF RESTORATION
Paving of the restoration
Surface hardening
Burnishing
Margination
Burnishing
Contouring
Additional burnishing and Finishing & Polishing
• For Class I tooth
preparations, the
external walls of the
preparation are
parallel to each other.
• However, in extensive
occlusal preparations,
the mesial or distal
wall or walls (or both)
may diverge slightly
occlusally to avoid
undermining and
weakening marginal
ridges
CLASS V
•FERRIER DESIGN
•PAN HANDLE
•UNI OR BILATERAL
MOUSTACHE
•PARTIAL MOON
(CRESCENT )
CLASS III
• FERRIER DESIGN
• LOMA LINDA DESIGN
• INGRAHAM DESIGN
• Although the technical skill of an
operator is paramount, a direct gold
restoration of good quality presents a
gold standard for all presently available
CONCLUSION materials and can be said to be the
undisputed “king” amongst all
restorative materials.
