Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Communication
Communication
The transference and the understanding of meaning.
Communication
CommunicationFunctions
Functions
1.
1. Control
Controlmember
memberbehavior.
behavior.
2.
2. Foster
Fostermotivation
motivationfor
forwhat
whatis
isto
tobe
bedone.
done.
3.
3. Provide
Provideaarelease
releasefor
foremotional
emotionalexpression.
expression.
4.
4. Provide
Provideinformation
informationneeded
neededto
tomake
make
decisions.
decisions.
Communication Process
The steps between a source and a
receiver that result in the transference
and understanding of meaning.
E X H I B I T 11–1
E X H I B I T 11–1
Source: Based on M. Kiely, “When ‘No’ Means ‘Yes,’ ” Marketing, October 1993, pp. 7–9. Reproduced in A. Huczynski E X H I B I T 11–2
and D. Buchanan, Organizational Behaviour, 4th ed. (Essex, England: Pearson Education, 2001), p. 194.
E X H I B I T 11–2
E X H I B I T 11–3
E X H I B I T 11–3
TYPES OF NETWORKS
Criteria Chain Wheel All Channel
E X H I B I T 11–4
E X H I B I T 11–4
Control Reliability
Self-
Interests
Suggestions
Suggestions for
for Reducing
Reducing the
the Negative
Negative
Consequences
Consequences of of Rumors
Rumors
Videoconferencing
– An extension of an intranet or extranet that permits
face-to-face virtual meetings via video links.
© 2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.
Knowledge
Knowledge Management
Management (KM)
(KM)
Knowledge Management
A process of organizing and distributing an
organization’s collective wisdom so the right
information gets to the right people at the right time.
Why
WhyKM KMisisimportant:
important:
Intellectual
Intellectualassets
assetsare
areas
asimportant
importantas
asphysical
physicalassets.
assets.
When
Whenindividuals
individualsleave,
leave,their
theirknowledge
knowledgeand
andexperience
experience
goes
goeswith
withthem.
them.
AAKM
KMsystem
systemreduces
reducesredundancy
redundancyand
andmakes
makesthe
the
organization
organizationmore
moreefficient.
efficient.
© 2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.
Choice
Choice of
of Communication
Communication Channel
Channel
Channel Richness
The amount of information that can be transmitted
during a communication episode.
Characteristics
Characteristicsof
ofRich
RichChannels
Channels
1.1. Handle
Handlemultiple
multiplecues
cuessimultaneously.
simultaneously.
2.2. Facilitate
Facilitaterapid
rapidfeedback.
feedback.
3.3. Are
Arevery
verypersonal
personalinincontext.
context.
Routine Nonroutine
Source: Based on R.H. Lengel and D.L. Daft, “The Selection of Communication Media as an Executive Skill,”
Academy of Management Executive, August 1988, pp. 225–32; and R.L. Daft and R.H. Lengel, “Organizational
Information Requirements, Media Richness, and Structural Design,” Managerial Science, May 1996, pp. 554–72. E X H I B I T 11–7
E X H I B I T 11–7
Reproduced from R.L. Daft and R.A. Noe, Organizational Behavior (Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt, 2001), p. 311.
© 2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.
Barriers
Barriers to
to Effective
Effective Communication
Communication
Filtering
A sender’s manipulation of information so that it will
be seen more favorably by the receiver.
Selective Perception
People selectively interpret what they see on the
basis of their interests, background, experience, and
attitudes.
Information Overload
A condition in which information inflow exceeds an
individual’s processing capacity.
© 2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.
Barriers
Barriers to
to Effective
Effective Communication
Communication (cont’d)
(cont’d)
Emotions
How a receiver feels at the time a message is received
will influence how the message is interpreted.
Language
Words have different meanings
to different people.
Communication Apprehension
Undue tension and anxiety about oral
communication, written communication, or both.
Barriers to Effective
Cross-Cultural
Communication
Tone Perception
Differences Differences
E X H I B I T 11–9
E X H I B I T 11–9
E X H I B I T 11–9 (cont’d)
E X H I B I T 11–9 (cont’d)
High-Context Cultures
Cultures that rely heavily on
nonverbal and subtle
situational cues to
communication.
Low-Context Cultures
Cultures that rely heavily on
words to convey meaning in
communication.
E X H I B I T 11–10
E X H I B I T 11–10
Assume Emphasize
Differences Description
Develop a Cultivate
Hypothesis Empathy
Chapter Check-Up:
Communication