SPEECH

ACTS
• Utterance that a
speaker makes to
achieve an intended
effect.
 THREE TYPES OF
SPEECH ACTS

• J.L. AUSTIN (1962)

 Locutionary
Act
• the actual act of
uttering.
 Illocutionary
Act
• the social function of
what is said.
 Perlocutionary
Act
• resulting act of what is said.
•effect based on the particular
context.
 PERFORMATIVE
UTTERANCES
• It Is said by the right person, under
the right circumstances.
• certain conditions have to be met
when making a performative
utterance.
 JOHN R.
SEARLE'S
CLASSIFICATION
S OF SPEECH ACT
 1. Assertive
• the speaker expresses belief about
the truth of a proposition.
• asserting, suggesting, swearing,
concluding.
 2. Directive
• the speaker tries to make the
addressee perform an action.

• asking, ordering, requesting,

inviting, advising, and begging.
 3. Commissive
• the speaker commits to do
something in the future.

• promising, planning, vowing,

betting.
 4. Expressive
• the speaker expresses his/her
feelings or emotional reaction.
• thanking, apologizing,
welcoming, deploring.
 5. Declaration
• Brings a change in the
external situation.
• blessing, firing, baptizing,
bidding,
ss