FIRST AID TREATMENT AND

EQUIPMENT
First aid
is the provision of initial care for an illness or injury. It
is usually performed by non-expert, but trained
personnel to a sick or injured person until definitive
medical treatment can be accessed. Certain self-
limiting illnesses or minor injuries may not require
further medical care past the first aid intervention. It
generally consists of a series of simple and in some
cases, potentially life-saving techniques that an
individual can be trained to perform with minimal
equipment.
SHOCK
THE SIGNS OF SHOCK ARE
FAINTNESS, SICKNESS, CLAMMY
SKIN AND PLAE FACE. SHOCK
SHOULD BE TREATED BY KEEPING
THE PERSON CONFORTABLE, LYING
DOWN AND WARM COVER THE
PERSON WITH A BLANKET OR
CLOTHING, BUT DO NOT APPLY
HOT WATER BOTTLES.
FAINTING
FAINTING MAY OCCUR AFTER A LONG
PERIOD OF STANDING IN A HOT, BADLY
VENTILLATED KITCHEN. THE SIGNS OF AN
IMPENDING FAINT ARE WHITENESS,
GIDDINESS AND SWEATING. A FAINT
SHOULD BE TREATED BY RAISING THE
LEGS SLIGHTLY ABOVE THE LEVEL OF THE
HEAD AND WHEN THE PERSON RECOVERS
CONSCIOUSNESS, PUTTING THE PERSON
IN FRESH AIR FOR A WHILE AND MAKING
SURE THAT THE PERSON HAS NOT
INCURRED ANY INJURY IN FAINTING.
CUTS
ALL CUTS SHOULD BE COVERED
IMMEDIATELY WITH A BLUE COLORED
WATERPROOF DRESSING AFTER THE
SKIN ROUND THE CUTS HAS BEEN
WASHED. WHEN THERE IS
CONSIDERABLE BLEEDING IT SHOULD
BE STOPPED AS SOON AS POSSIBLE.
BLEEDING MAYBE CONTROLLED BY
DIRECT PRESSURE, BY BANDAGING
FIRMLY ON THE CUT.
NOSE BLEEDS
SIT THE PERSON DOWN WITH THE
HEAD FORWARD, AND LOOSEN
CLOTHING ROUND THE NECK AND
CHEST. ASK THEM TO BREATHE
THROUGH THE MOUTH AND TO
PINCH THE SOFT PART OF THE
NOSE. AFTER 10 MINUTES, RELEASE
THE PRESSURE. WARN THE PERSON
NOT TO BLOW THE NOSE FOR
SEVERAL HOURS.
FRACTURES
A PERSON SUFFERING FROM
BROKEN BONES SHOULD
NOT BE MOVED UNTIL THE
INJURED PART HAS BEEN
SECURED SO THAT IT IS
IMMOBILE. MEDICAL
ASSISTANCE SHOULD BE
OBTAINED.
BURNS AND SCALDS
ELECTRICAL SHOCK
SWITCH OFF THE CURRENT. IF THIS IS
NOT POSSIBLE, FREE THE PERSON BY
USING A DRY INSULATING MATERIAL
SUCH AS CLOTH, WOOD, OR RUBBER,
TAKING CARE NOT TO USE BARE HANDS
OTHERWISE THE ELECTRIC SHOCK MAY
BE TRANSMITTED. IF BREATHING HAS
STOPPED, GIVE THE ARTIFICIAL
RESPIRATION AND SEND FOR THE
DOCTOR.
ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION
THERE ARE SEVERAL METHODS OF
ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION. THE
MOST EFFECTIVE IS MOUTH TO
MOUTH (MOUTH TO NOSE)
RESUCITATION AND THIS METHOD
CAN BE USED BY ALMOST ALL AGE
GROUPS AND IN ALMOST
COUNTRIES.