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46910: PHD Course in Advanced Finite Element Simulations Using Abaqus
46910: PHD Course in Advanced Finite Element Simulations Using Abaqus
Outline:
• Linear Finite element
• Shape functions
• Numerical integration
• Shear locking and hourglass
• Structural elements
Report 1: Introduction to Abaqus/CAE
• The topic 1 Introduction to Abaqus/CAE will be taught
– Thursday the 1st of February
– Thursday the 8th of February
• The submission to the peergrade.io should be done
– Saturday the 10th of February at 23:59
– Sunday the 11th of February at 23:59
• The peer review should be done
– Start Monday the 12th of February at 8:00
– Deadline: Wednesday the 14th of February at 12:00
• General feedback and possibility for individual questions
– Thursday the 15th of February at 12:30-13:00 and after 16:00
• Submission of the report to campusnet
– Friday the 16th of February at 23:55
• Pass/non-pass judgement from me based on the content of the report
2 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark Topic 1a, Intro to Abaqus/CAE Spring 2018
Boundary value problem
Governing equations for a linear elastic continuum
with body-force p j 0
• Equilibrium (three force equilibriums)
ij n j Ti 0 on ST
ij ,i 0 with
ui ui0 on Su
• Strain displacement equations
1
ij (ui , j u j ,i )
2
• Constitutive equations
(Moment: ij ji )
ij Lijkl kl
V V( e )
Nel Nel
V ij ij dV Ti ui dST V( k )
ij ij dV( k )
ST ( k )
Ti ui dST ( k )
ST k 1 k 1
4 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark Topic 1c, Intro to Abaqus/CAE Spring 2018
In summery
5 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark Topic 1c, Intro to Abaqus/CAE Spring 2018
Nel Nel
k 1
V( k )
ij ij dV( k )
k 1
ST ( k )
Ti ui dST ( k )
6 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark Topic 1c, Intro to Abaqus/CAE Spring 2018
Linear or quadratic elements
7 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark Topic 1c, Intro to Abaqus/CAE Spring 2018
Shape
functions for
8-noded
element
8 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark Topic 1c, Intro to Abaqus/CAE Spring 2018
Compatible elements
9 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark Topic 1c, Intro to Abaqus/CAE Spring 2018
Example on how NOT to connect elements
10 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark Topic 1c, Intro to Abaqus/CAE Spring 2018
Nodal DOF and integrations points
History output:
Displacements, reaction forces, …
Field output:
Nodes:
- Displacements,
Integrationspoint:
- Stress, strains, …
11 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark Topic 1c, Intro to Abaqus/CAE Spring 2018
Mesh, path and contour plotting
• Higher order elements plotted with straight boundary elements
– Model based on curved boundaries
• Contour lines for displacement degree of freedoms found inside the
element using linear interpolations
– not following the shape function
• Contour lines for integration point based values (strain, stress, …) first
linearly interpolated out to the nodal points and therefrom interpolated
contour lines (take care of jumps in values, free edges, …). Modify
eventually the 75% averaging option. (Results -> Options)
12 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark Topic 1c, Intro to Abaqus/CAE Spring 2018
Full or reduced Gauss integration
• Full integration
– Accurate integration of the
governing equations.
– Displacement based
elements will always give
an stiffer solutions
– Possibility for shear locking
• Reduced integration
– Introduce an error in the
integration of the governing
equations.
– May give more precise
results
– Possibility for hour-glass
deformation
13 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark Topic 1c, Intro to Abaqus/CAE Spring 2018
Shear locking
- full integration
14 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark Topic 1c, Intro to Abaqus/CAE Spring 2018
Bending introduced
shear locking/hourglassing
15 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark Topic 1c, Intro to Abaqus/CAE Spring 2018
Bending of a beam
16 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark Topic 1c, Intro to Abaqus/CAE Spring 2018
Hour-glass deformation
- reduced integration
17 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark Topic 1c, Intro to Abaqus/CAE Spring 2018
Incompatible modes option
add two internal degrees of freedom
18 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark Topic 1c, Intro to Abaqus/CAE Spring 2018
The bottom line
19 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark Topic 1c, Intro to Abaqus/CAE Spring 2018
20 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark Topic 1c, Intro to Abaqus/CAE Spring 2018
Try to solve a problem in 2D first
21 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark Topic 1c, Intro to Abaqus/CAE Spring 2018
Structural elements: Beam and shell
• Beam and shell elements are not working with strain and stresses but
with through mid-plane quantities such as moment M, normal forces N,
middle axis deformation ε0 and curvatures κ.
+
ROTATION
DOF
22 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark Topic 1c, Intro to Abaqus/CAE Spring 2018
Supplementary reading
• Cook RD, Malkus DS, Plesha ME, Witt RJ. Concepts and applications of
finite element analysis. Fourth Edi. John Wiley and Sons; 2002.
– Chapter 6: Good description of isoparametric elements showing all
governing equation making it possible implementing the element in a
FE-code, e.g. as an Abaqus Uel case.
23 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark Topic 1c, Intro to Abaqus/CAE Spring 2018