PRESENTATION

HISTORY OF NGOS
 NGOs means Non governmental organizations . These are the organizations in
which government representatives are not present in members of organization
and are funded by government. Some times entire funds are provided by the
government while sometimes government partially funds the NGOs. The main
objective of NGOs is to provide social justice, development and human rights.
 NGOs stands for “ non governmental organizations” and its function can vary
widely from service organizations to human -rights advocacy and relief
groups.
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 Beginning of NGOs starts in 1775 to 1918. It includes various national issues and
war sufferer issues . In late 1960s- 1970 entire growth of NGOs had started. The
main reason of developing NGOs is economic recession , end of cold war,
privatization, growing demands etc.

Types of NGOs
NGOs type can be understood by their orientation and level of co-operation.

NGO type by orientation :

 Charitable orientation ;
 Service orientation;
 Participation;
 Empowering orientation
THE FIRST NGO
 In 1945, the United nations was first created to act as an intergovernmental agency- that
is an agency that mediates between multiple governments. To allow certain international
interests groups and non- state agencies to attend the meetings of these powers and
ensure an appropriate checks and balances

system was in place, the U.N. established the term to define them as characteristically
non government.
 However, the first international non governmental organizations, by this definition,
dated back well into the 18th century. By 1904, there were over 1000 established NGOs
in the world fighting internationally for everything from the liberation of women and
slaves to disarmament.
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NGO by level of co-operation :
 Community based organization ;
 City wide organization ;
 National NGOs;
 International NGOs

Apart from “NGO” , often alternative terms are used as for example:
independent sector, volunteer sector, civil society , grassroots
organization, transnational social movement organizations, private
voluntary organizations, self- help organizations and non- state
actors ( NSA’s).
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Non governmental organizations are heterogeneous group.
A long list of acronyms has developed around the term “ NGO” and these include:
BINGO, short for business- friendly international NGO or big international NGO;
CSO, short for civil society organization;
GSO, Grassroots support organization ;
DONGO, Donor organized NGO
INGO, stands for international NGO; Oxfam is an international NGO
there are also numerous classification of NGOs. The typology the World Bank
uses divides them into operational and advocacy.
The primary purpose of an operational NGO is the design and implementation of
development – related projects. Operational NGOs can be community based ,
national or international.
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The primary purpose of an advocacy NGO is to defend or promote a specific
cause. As opposed to international project management, these organizations
typically try to raise awareness, acceptance and knowledge by lobbying, press
work and activist events .

Methods
NGOs vary in their methods. Some act primarily as lobbyist, while others
primarily conduct programs and activities. For instant, an NGOs such as
Oxfam, concerned with poverty alleviation, might provide needy people
equipment and skills to find food and clean drinking water , where as NGOs like
the FFDA helps through investigation and documentation of human rights
violations and provides legal assistance to victim of human rights abuses .
CON..
Public relations
Non governmental organizations need healthy relationships with the public to
meet their goals. Foundations and charities use sophisticated public
relations campaigns to raise funds and employ standard lobbying
techniques with governments. Interest groups may be of political
importance because of their ability to influence social and political
outcomes.
 CONSULTING
Project management
There is an increasing awareness that management techniques are crucial to project
success in non governmental organizations . Generally non governmental
organizations that are private have either a community or environmental focus.
They address variety of issues such as religion, emergency aid, or humanitarian
affairs. They often have strong links with community groups in developing
countries , and they often work in areas where government – to government aid
is not accepted as a part of the international relations landscape , and while they
influence national and multilateral policy – making , increasingly they are more

directly involved in local action.

FUNDING

Large NGOs may have annual budgets in the hundreds of millions or billions
of dollars. For instance, the budget of American Association of Retired
Persons ( AARP) was over US$540 million in 1999. funding such large
budgets demands significant fundraising efforts on the part of the most
NGOs. Major sources of NGOs fund include membership dues, the sale of
goods and services, grants from international institutions or national
governments ,and private donations. Several EU- grants provide funds
accessible to NGOs.
STEPS ESTABLISHING NGOS
the first step in the establishment of the NGO is to identify the area of peculiar
needs of the society, such as HIV/AIDS, maternal mortality, polio, food,
shelter, civil liberty and poverty alleviation among others. The second step is
to identify people of similar minds; there must be s unity of purpose. The
third step is to engage the service of a qualified legal practitioner for guidance
for the registration process. Some NGOs can be registered with regional or
central government and that depends on the scope of the operations of the
proposed NGOs. The next important step also is to identify the internal or
external partners with clearly stated objectives and plan of actions
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Thank you