“EFFECTS OF CURRENT,

ELECTROPLATING &
ELECTRIC BURNS”
TYPES OF EFFECTS:

• Heating effect
• Chemical effect
• Magnetic effect
THERMAL EFFECTS:
• When electric charges move through a wire, they
lose some of the energy to the atoms in the wire.
On receiving the energy, The atoms vibrate more
and more causing the wire to heat up. Some of the
Electric Energy is changed to heat energy. The
higher the resistance the more the heat energy.
• The amount of heat generated is governed by
Joule's first law:
Q = I2·R·t
• In industry soldering, welding, cutting, drilling and
working of electric furnaces are based on heating
of electric current.
CHEMICAL EFFECTS:

• The passage of an electric

current through a conducting
liquid causes chemical
reactions.
• The resulting effects are called
chemical effects of electric
current.
• Two major effects are:
1-ELECTROLYSIS:
A process of breaking down the chemical compounds into
their constituent elements using electric current
Example:
Molten aluminium oxide (I) aluminium (s) + oxygen (g)

Copper (II) chloride (aq) copper (s) + chlorine (g)

Electrolysis is commercially highly important as a stage in the separation of elements

from naturally occurring sources such as ores using an electrolytic cell.
The ion which is selected for discharge at an
electrode depends upon:

1. Nature of the electrode

2. Concentration of the ions in solution

 ANODE CATHODE
(POSITIVE ELECTRODE) (NEGATIVE
ELECTRODE)
Carbon
Anions (negative ions) will be Cations (positive ions)
Electrode
pulled towards the anode will be pulled towards
(positive electrode) the cathode (negative
electrode)

NaCl Solution

At the anode, anions will be At the cathode, cations

discharged by releasing the will be discharged by
electrons to the anode receiving the electrons
from the cathode
Carbon
Electrode Na+

Na+
Na+ OH OH
- -
OH NaCl Solution
-

 The positive ions are attracted to the negative

electrode
 The negative ions are attracted to the positive
electrode
(2) ELECTROPLATING:
The most common application of the chemical effect of electric current is electroplating.

In this process, there exists a liquid, usually called the electrolyte, through which current passes. Two
electrodes, connected to the terminals of a battery with a switch in between, are inserted in the liquid.

•Electroplating is done in industries to have an anti-reactive coating on the parts of machines so that
they do not react with the raw material, to have an anti-corrosive coating for the machines so that they
do not get corroded, and a heat-resistive coating for parts like boilers to resist the heat produced by the
machinery. Gold plating is one of the most common applications of electroplating in
ornament-making.
MAGNETIC EFFECTS:
• If a magnetic compass is placed near a conductor
carrying current (wire), the needle is deflected. This
shows that a conductor carrying current has a magnetic
field around it.

• The magnetic field around a current carrying straight

conductor is in concentric circles. It can be observed by
passing a current carrying straight conductor through a
cardboard and sprinkling iron filings on it.

• All motors, transformers, Alternators and most of the

measuring electrical instruments use magnetic effect of
electric current.
DEFINITION OF BURN:

• “A burn is damage to the skin

and underlying tissues”.
Four types of burns:-
1. Thermal
2. Radiation
3. Chemical
4. Electrical
ELECTRIC BURN:

“Electrical burns occur when a person is

directly exposed to an electrical
current”

Electrical burns differ from thermal or chemical

burns in that they cause much more
subdermal damage. They can exclusively
cause surface damage, but more often tissues
deeper underneath the skin have been
severely damaged.
• Low-voltage burn:
• 500 volts or less
• Not enough tissue damage along its path
except at the contact site.
• This type of burn may be mild, superficial, or
severe depending on the contact time.
•
• High voltage burn:
• Very severe
• The damage runs its course throughout the
body.
• Most of the damage occurs underneath the
skin.
• Subdermal tissues are severely damaged.
 IF ANY
QUESTION...PLEASE
ASK..!