TOPIC 7 TABLES, CHARTS AND GRAPHS

7.1 TYPES OF GRAPHIC AIDS

-Tables are most common
-All graphic aids that are not tables are figures
-bar graphs, pictographs, line graphs, pie graphs, organisation
charts, flowcharts, line drawings, cutaway drawings and
photographs

7.1.1 Tables
-for presenting numerical data.
-presenting lots of data and giving absolute values for precision
7.1.2 Bar Graphs
-uses bars of equal width in varying lengths to represent:

•"A comparison of items at one particular point in time

•A comparison of items over time
•Changes in one item over time
•A comparison of portions of a single item
•The horizontal and vertical axes represent the two elements
such as time and quantity
•overall trends and comparisons
7.1.3 Pictographs

-a variation of a bar graph that uses symbols instead of bars to

illustrate specific quantities of items
-shows the changes in particular items over a period of time
-symbols realistically correspond to the items eg the symbol of a
cow to represent milk production

7.1.4 Line Graphs

-a line between the horizontal and vertical axes to show changes
in the relationship between the elements represented by the two
axes
- plot changes in quantity, or in position, and are particularly
useful for illustrating trends
7.1.5 Pie Charts
-A circle representing a whole unit, with segments of the circle or
pie representing portions of the whole
-To indicate distribution trends

7.2 TABLES
- Interpreting data
- Describing changes in data
(Table on p.128)
(Activty 7.2 & 7.3 p.129)
7.2.2 Describing Changes in Data
The use of appropriate adverbs can also describe how changes in
price/quantity take place, for example as shown in Figure 7.2:

Figure 7.2:

Refer to Activities on p.131, 132

7.3 LINE GRAPHS
-usually plot changes in quantity or in position and are useful for 
highlighting movement or trends

(Activity on pp.133, 134,135)

7.3.2 Plotting Line Graphs

-an extract from the financial report of the Japanese advertising

agency Dentsu Incorporated
-Read the report and draw the line graph in the space provided
(pp.135,136,137)
7.3.3 Useful Phrases

( refer to Activity 7.9 p.137)

7.4 GANTT CHARTS
-used for scheduling and tracking key events that are
necessary to complete a project
-shows the steps involved in a project and their
relationships over time
- a horizontal axis representing the total time span of the
project, broken down into increments (days, weeks or
months
-the vertical axis of the Gantt chart consists of a listing of
the key tasks that make up the project
-contains features such as milestones
-A milestone is an  important checkpoint or interim goal
for a project (eg. the “Final Presentation” is considered a
milestone)
(refer to Activity 7.10 on p.139, 7.11 pp.140,141)
Figure 7.4: Gantt Chart on the Development of Advertising Clip
for Brio Confectionery