Anne Boykin and

Savina
Schoenhoefer
• Anne Boykin
•
Born 1944, Kaukauna, Wisconsin

•
Started her nursing career 1966 after graduating from Alverno College
in Milwaukee, Wisconsin

•
Master’s Degree - Emery University Atlanta, Georgia

•
Doctorate – Vanderbilt University Nashville, Tennessee
 Savina Schoenhofer
•
Born 1940 on Kansas

•
Finished her nursing studies at Wichita
State University

•
Completed her PhD in Educational Foundation and
Administration at Kansas State University
Nursing as
Caring
Major Concepts and
Definitions
•
Focus and Intention of
Nursing
-The Focus of nursing from the perspective of the Theory of Nursing as
Caring is that the discipline of knowledge and professional practice
is
nurturing persons living and growing in caring

-The general Intention of nursing is to know persons as caring and

support and to sustain them as they live caring
•
Perspective of persons as caring

-The Fundamental Assumption is that all persons are caring.

Caring is lived by each person moment to moment and is an essential

characteristic of being human.

-Caring is a process, and throughout life, each person grows in the

capacity to express caring.

-Person therefore is recognized as constantly unfolding in caring.
•
Nursing situation

-Caring is service that nursing offers and lives in the context of the

nursing situation.
-Nursing Situation is the locus of all that known and done in
nursing and is conceptualized as “the shared, lived and experience
in which caring between nurse and nursed enhances personhood”.

•
Personhood

-Personhood is a process of living that is grounded in caring.

•
Direct Invitation

-Within the Nursing Situation, the Direct Invitation opens the relationship

to true caring between the nurse and the nursed.

•
Call f o r Nursing

-Calls for nursing are calls for nurturance perceived in the mind of the
nurse and authentic presence open the nurse to hearing calls of nursing.

•
Caring Between

-When the nurse enters the world of the other person with the intention
and the one nursed gives rise to the phenomenon of caring between,
of knowing
within whichthe other as caring
personhood person, the encountering of the nurse
is nurtured.
•
Nursing Response

-In responding to the nursing call, the nurse enters the nursing situation

with the intention of knowing the other person as caring. This knowing
op
 ferson clarifies the call for nursing and shapes the nursing response,
transforming the knowledge brought by the situation from general, to
particular and unique.

•
Story

- A method for knowing nursing and a medium for all forms of

nursing inquiry
 Major Assumptions

•
Person:
I. Persons are caring by virtue of their
humanness

II. Persons are whole and complete in the

moment
III. Persons live caring, moment to moment

•
Health:
IV. Personhood is living life grounded in
caring
•
Environment:

V. Personhood is enhanced through participating in nurturing relationships with

Caring others

•
Nursing

VI. Nursing is both a discipline and profession

• Crit iqu
•
e
Clarity
-The theory is presented in logical form grounded in nursing as a discipline
of knowledge.

•
Accessibility

-The theory is accessible to all forms of nursing practices.

•
Simplicity
•
Generality

-The focus of the theory can be used in all forms of nursing.

•
Importance

Nursing of
-practice as nursing
Caring’s assumptions is of great importance even in today’s modern