Medical Terminology for Health Professions

Ann Ehrlich/Carol L.Schroeder 7th Edition

The Digestive
System

Chapter
8

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Overview of Structures, Combining Forms,
and Functions of the Digestive Systems

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Major Structures and Accessory
Organs of the Digestive System

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 Mouth

• Primary Function
– Begins preparation of food for digestion
• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
– or/o
– stomat/o

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Structures of the Tongue and Oral
Cavity

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 Pharynx

• Primary Function
– Transports food from the mouth to the esophagus
• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
– pharyng/o

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 Esophagus

• Primary Function
– Transports food from the pharynx to the stomach
• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
– esophag/o

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 Stomach

• Primary Function
– Breaks down food and mixes it with digestive
juices
• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
– gastr/o

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Structures of the
Stomach

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 Small Intestine

• Primary Function
– Completes digestion and absorption of most
nutrients
• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
– enter/o

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 Large Intestine

• Primary Function
– Absorbs excess water
– Prepares solid waste for elimination
• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
– col/o, colon/o

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 Structures of
Large Intestine

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 Rectum and
Anus
• Primary Function
– Controls the excretion of solid waste
• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
– an/o
– proct/o
– rect/o

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 Liver

• Primary Function
– Secretes bile and enzymes to aid in the
digestion of fats
• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
– hepat/o

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 Gallbladder

• Primary Function
– Stores bile and releases it to the small intestine
as needed
• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
– cholecyst/o

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 Pancreas

• Primary Function
– Secretes digestive juices and enzymes into small
intestine as needed
• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
– pancreat/o

(continues
)
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 Pancreas

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 Key Word Parts
and Definitions
• an/o
– anus, ring
• chol/e
– bile, gall
• cholecyst/o
– gallbladder
• col/o, colon/o
– colon, large intestine

(continues
)
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 Key Word Parts
and Definitions
• -emesis
– vomiting
• enter/o
– small intestine
• esophag/o
– esophagus
• gastr/o
– stomach, belly

(continues
)
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 Key Word Parts
and Definitions
• hepat/o
– liver
• -lithiasis
– presence of stones
• -pepsia
– digest, digestion
• -phagia
– eating, swallowing

(continues
)
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 Key Word Parts
and Definitions
• proct/o
– anus and rectum
• rect/o
– rectum, straight
• sigmoid/o
– sigmoid colon

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 Questions

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 Question

The hydrochloric acid in the human stomach is

strong enough to dissolve a nail.
True or False?

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 Answer

True

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 Question

How many pounds of force can the jaw muscles

provide to bring the back teeth together for
chewing?
a. 50
b. 200
c. 500

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 Answer

c. 200

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 Question

If 80% of the human liver was removed, it could

still function and would eventually regenerate to
its original size.
True or False?

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 Answer

True

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 Question

The body’s longest internal organ is the small

intestine at an average length of about:
a. 20 feet
b. 10 feet
c. 5 feet

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 Answer

a. 20 feet

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Answers to Learning Exercises

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 Chapter 8 Answers

Matching Word Parts 1 Matching Word Parts 2

8.1. an/o 8.6. gastr/o
8.2. chol/e 8.7. hepat/o
8.3. col/o 8.8. cholecyst/o
8.4. -phagia 8.9. esophag/o
8.5. enter/o 8.10. -lithiasis

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 Chapter 8 Answers

Matching Word Parts 3 Definitions

8.11. sigmoid/o 8.16. anoscopy
8.12. proct/o 8.17. stomatomycosis
8.13. -pepsia 8.18. ileum
8.14. -emesis 8.19. bowel incontinence
8.15. rect/o 8.20. bile
8.21. ascending colon
8.22. anabolism
8.23. tongue
8.24. periodontium
8.25. intussusception

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 Chapter 8 Answers

Matching Structures Which Word?

8.26. cecum 8.31. hematemesis
8.27. sigmoid colon 8.32. hepatitis A
8.28. rectum 8.33. celiac disease
8.29. jejunum 8.34. enteritis
8.30. duodenum 8.35. uvula

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 Chapter 8 Answers

Spelling Counts Abbreviation Identification

8.36. ileectomy 8.41. ulcerative colitis
8.37. dysentery 8.42. colonoscopy
8.38. cirrhosis 8.43. gastroesophageal
8.39. proctopexy reflux disease
8.40. xerostomia 8.44. irritable bowel
Syndrome
8.45. peptic ulcer disease

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 Chapter 8 Answers

Term Selection Sentence Completion

8.46. gastrectomy 8.51. aerophagia
8.47. dysphagia 8.52. regurgitation
8.48. bruxism 8.53. jaundice
8.49. cirrhosis 8.54. pyloric sphincter
8.50. bilirubin 8.55. feces

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 Chapter 8 Answers

Word Surgery True/False

8.56. esophag/o, gastr/o, 8.61. True
duoden/o, -scopy 8.62. False
8.57. peri-, odont, -ist 8.63. True
8.58. sigmoid/o, -scopy 8.64. False
8.59. anti-, emet, -ic 8.65. True
8.60. gastr/o, duoden, -ostomy

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 Chapter 8 Answers

Clinical Conditions Which Is the Correct

8.66. ileus Medical Term?
8.67. ascites 8.76. Hemoccult
8.68. edentulous
8.77. anastomosis
8.69. hyperemesis
8.78. anorexia nervosa
8.70. colostomy
8.71. pyrosis 8.79. calculus
8.72. melena 8.80. hepatectomy
8.73. diverticulitis
8.74. herpes labialis
8.75. halitosis

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 Chapter 8 Answers

Challenge Word Building Labeling Exercises

8.81. gastrorrhaphy 8.91. salivary
8.82. esophagalgia 8.92. esophagus
8.83. sigmoidectomy 8.93. stomach
8.84. proctalgia 8.94. pancreas
8.85. gastropexy 8.95. liver
8.86. sigmoiditis 8.96. gallbladder
8.87. esophagogastrectomy 8.97. large
8.88. hepatoenteric 8.98. appendix
8.89. hepatomegaly 8.99. small
8.90. gastroenterocolitis 8.100. rectum

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