Presentation

Lecture organization
Today I am going to deal with making presentations
First I am define a presentation and to look at
preparing for a presentation
Then look at types of presentations
 I will also take you through the delivery process
Finally we will briefly look at other factors that aid to
make a presentation a success
 Definition of Presentation
A presentation is an oral talk given to a group of
people
The presentation deals with a specific topic
Presentations are timed, presenters are given time
slots that also allow the to deal with questions from
the flow.
They could be class presentations to seminar
presentation
 Audience Analysis
 Analyze your AUDIENCE
 What are their names, titles, backgrounds, reasons
for attending, etc…?
 What are their big concerns?
 What are their objectives, fears, pressure points, and
attitudes?
General information-- Heterogeneity-- Age-- Sex--
Socio-economic background-- Level of
understanding-- Attitudes-- Interests-- Needs
Analyze Your Audience

 What are their questions likely to be?

 What is personally at stake for them?
How much detail do they need?
SPEECH PREPARATION
. Adapt the speech to the audience and the occasion
 Decide on the purpose of your speech- Is it supposed
to inform? or persuade?
 Select content that is compatible with your purpose
Think about even examples you will use, jokes you will
tell, what to wear
 Gather information- Personal experiences- Interviews-
Newspapers- Books- Internet
 Make a creative analysis of topic
 Develop the objectives
ORGANISE YOUR SPEECH
The introduction: Drawing attention, establishing
credibility, usefulness
The body: Main ideas and supporting ideas
The conclusion: Summation, challenge and action
 The speech should be unified, coherent, relevant,
concise and comprehensive
 Tell them what you are going to tell them, tell them,
and tell them what you told them
 Prepare handouts and visual aids
DELIVERING THE SPEECH
TYPES OF DELIVERY
Extemporaneous mode:(Without referring to notes)-
Speech prepared before delivery
 Plan for speaking Outline Content Rehearsal
 Time to gather data
MANUSCRIPT MODE:
Well-organized(Disadvantage : Sticking to the
structure &ignoring audience response)
 Security of knowing what to say and how to say it
 Each word is painstakingly selected
 Sometimes it is appropriate and desirable•
Mechanical, lacks spontaneity, stifles interaction with
participants
 Read with interest, enthusiasm and vitality
IMPROMPTU MODE:
Delivered with little or no preparation
 Ability to think on your feet
 Break your topic into parts past, present and future
 Give introductory remarks
 Order your thoughts
 Review main points
 End with a strong conclusion
MEMORISED SPEECH
Speaker writes down the speech and memorize it word
for word
 Success depends on memory
 Present naturally
 Difficulty in responding to the audience
 Lacks spontaneity
Podium Panic
For some people, the thought of giving a presentation is
more frightening than falling off a cliff, financial
difficulties, snakes and even death.
DELIVERING SPEECH
Understand speech anxiety:- Self-conscious (how you
are being perceived)- Fear of rejection- Stage fright
 Extensive preparation builds confidence
 Anxiety is found out through non-verbal cues
DELIVERING SPEECH
Every good speaker gets keyed up before delivery
 We are all afraid of unknown
 Audience want you to be a good speaker
Focus on the topic
 Have positive attitude about the self
 Rehearsing and thorough preparation helps
 Prepare the audience
 Explain the session plan
 Talk about the benefits
 Maintain eye contact
Eye contact
 Never let them out of your sight.
 Looking them in the eye makes them feel that they
are influencing what you say.
 Eye contact allows the presentation to approximate
conversation—the audience feels much more involved.
Principles of effective delivery
 Avoid frequent repetition of words
 Avoid vocal disfluencies, or vocalized pauses.
 Avoid distracting physical activities like scratching
head, rubbing nose etc
 Delivery includes voice elements and body
movements
 Think the thought and feel the emotion
Principles of Effective Delivery
Appear to be natural and spontaneous
 Avoid distracting verbal and nonverbal cues
 Adjust delivery to the audience, topic and situation
 Reinforce meaning in message
 While using notes don’t pretend that you are not
using
 Develop the ability to see yourself as the audience
does
factors to consider
Body language
Organization
Para vocalics
Timing
Physical environment
Mood of the audience