ENGLAND’S 13 COLONIES

Motivations
 Colonists had many reasons for leaving
Europe and coming to the New World.
 Space: lack of space in Europe to farm,
especially in England.
 Stability: frustration with wars and
rebellions that went on in Europe that
made the region unstable.
 Wealth: Easy to make money and get
rich quickly in America.
 Gold, iron ore, timber, wood
 Farmers in the south saw a chance to earn
a lot by growing and selling tobacco.
 Religious Freedom: Religious
differences between Catholics
&Protestants caused many Protestants
(Puritans, Quakers, Catholics, etc.) to
move to the New World.
New England Colonies
New England Colonies

Massachusetts Landing at Plymouth Rock

 Massachusetts
 Founded: 1620
 By the Pilgrims
 Why?
 Escape harsh treatment
from the English
(Religious Freedom)
New England Colonies

Rhode Island Roger Williams

 Rhode Island
 Founded 1636
 By Roger Williams
 Why?
 Opposed the “New
England Way” &
guaranteed religious
freedom and separation
of church and state.
New England Colonies

Connecticut Thomas Hooker

 Connecticut
 Founded in 1636
 By Thomas Hooker
 Why?
 Puritans expanded
settlement into a new
colony.
New England Colonies

New Hampshire John Wheelwright

 New Hampshire
 Founded in 1622
 By Ferdinando Gorges
and John Mason
 Why?
 To profit from trade
and fishing
Middle Colonies
The Breadbasket Colonies
Middle Colonies

Penn’s Woods William Penn

 Pennsylvania
 Founded in 1681
 By William Penn
 Why?
 Area where Quakers
could live according to
their beliefs.
Middle Colonies

Fort Christina State Park

 Delaware
 Founded in 1638
 By the Swedes and Finns
(Fort Christina) later given to
W. Penn

 Penn also granted land to

Delaware

 Why?
 Religious Freedom and a
better life.
Middle Colonies

New York (New Netherlands) Fort Orange

 New York
 Founded in 1624
 By the Dutch (Dutch
West Indies Company)
 Why?
 Make $$$$$$$$$$$$$
Middle Colonies
Duke of York, George Carteret, &
New Jersey John Berkeley
 New Jersey
 Founded in 1664
 By the Duke of York,
George Carteret, & John
Berkeley
 Why?
 Land given by the Duke;
provided religious
freedom, land grants &
representative assembly.
Southern Colonies
Southern Colonies

Virginia Jamestown

 Virginia
 Founded in 1607
 By the Virginia
Company of London
(English)
 Why?
 Make $$$$$$$$$ for
the Virginia Company
Southern Colonies
 The Carolinas
 Founded in 1663
 By Proprietors ( Private Land Owners)
 Why?
 Religious Freedom, ability to make money off of the land
farming.
Southern Colonies

Georgia James Oglethorpe

 Georgia
 Founded in 1732
 By James Oglethorpe
 Why?
 A refuge for debtors
(One that owes something
to another)
 Buffer against Spanish
Florida
Southern Colonies

Maryland Lord Baltimore

 Maryland
 Founded in 1632
 By Lord Baltimore
 Why?
 A religious haven for
Roman Catholics
fleeing England.
North and South Carolina
 Became separate colonies in 1729.
 New Bern is capital of NC
 Charles Towne is capital of SC
 The Piedmont of both colonies was
settled by Scots-Irish who travelled
down the Great Wagon Road from
Pennsylvania down into the
backcountry.
 Scots-Irish: hearty, independent minded,
Presbyterian, distrustful of the British.
III: The Economies of the 13 Colonies

 A: New England Colonies

 2. Fishing
 1. Shipbuilding

B: The Middle Colonies - The Bread

Basket
1. Farming- wheat, other staple
crops for food
C: Southern Colonies
1. Cash crops (grown for sale)
a. tobacco
b. rice
c. indigo
IV: The Beginning of Slavery
 1. Plantation system: large scale agriculture.
 More work than indentured servants could do.
 3. Triangular Trade: the pattern of trade that
developed among the Americas, Africa, and
Europe.
 4. The Middle Passage: Voyage from Africa to the
Americas.
Triangular Trade

 beads,
copper, cloth,
hardware,
guns and
Slaves traded munitions
for sugar,
molasses,
rum, and
tobacco
Slaves to
work in
Caribbean
and America
The Middle Passage
 The leg of the trade between Africa and American
colonies.
 Slaves were transported in below-human conditions.
 mortality rates were 12% or higher and were considered the
“cost of the business”.

The Middle
Passage