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BCFG Chillers and Cooling Systems
BCFG Chillers and Cooling Systems
Multi-blade
Centrifugal Fan
Eliminators
Spray Nozzles
Air Intake
Screen
Pump Floor
Assembly
Air Out
Make CONDENSER
-up
water
Float
Overflow
AEV
Receiver
Compressor
TYPES OF
AIR COOLED CONDENSER
a) Natural Convection b) Forced-air Type
Heat Pump Heating Cycle
Heat Pump Cooling Cycle
TYPES OF
WATER COOLED CONDENSER
a) Tube in tube or double pipe
Liquid from
receiver
Liquid-vapor mixture
Float Liquid-vapor mixture
control
a) Natural convection
Bare type evaporator ratings are given per square foot of
external pipe surface, although in some instances bare tube evaporators
are rated per linear foot of pipe.
Ratings for plate evaporators are given per square foot of plate
surface.
Air flow
Refrigerant in 1 3 Circuits
2
3
Refrigerant out
Refrigerant
distributor
b) Forced convection
The total cooling capacity of any evaporator is directly
related to the air quantity (in cubic feet per minute) circulated
over the evaporator.
The air velocity (feet per minute) over the coil is a function
of the air quantity (cubic feet per minute) and the face area of the
evaporator (square feet).
ACCORDONG TO CONSTRUCTION
a) Bare tube evaporator
b) Plate surface
c) Finned evaporator
d) Baudelot cooler
Air flow
Refrigerant in 1 3 Circuits
2
3 Air flow
Refrigerant out
Refrigerant
distributor
OUT
Counter-flow of refrigerant IN
and air results in more even
loading and a higher mean
temperature differential.
Evaporator with refrigerant distributor and suction header.
Notice counter-flow arrangement for refrigerant and air.
Baudelot Cooler with float switch, solenoid liquid valve,
evaporator pressure regulator, and solenoid pilot valve
Out In
Surge drum
Hand expansion Relief valve
Water cooled section valve
Solenoid liquid valve
Strainer
Float switch
Liquid level
Globe valve
Refrigerant
cooled section
Tube in tube or double pipe evaporator
b) Flooded chiller
Condenser
Condenser
water Compressor Motor
Economizer
Chilled Cooler
water
Flooded chiller with shell
Flooded chiller designed for multipass only partially filled with
circulation of chilled liquid. Multipass tubes in order to provide a
circulation is accomplished by means of large vapor disengaging
the battled end-plates or water heads area above the tubes.
that are bolted to the ends of the chiller.
TYPICAL SHELL AND TUBE CHILLERS
Air
Brine to
concentrator
Eliminators
SHELL AND
COIL CHILLER
COOLING TOWERS
The expose water surface includes (1) the surface of the water in the water
basin (2) all wetted surfaces in the tower, and (3) the combined surface of
the water droplets falling through the tower.
Hot water in
Make water from
city main
MECHANICAL DRAFT
COOLING TOWER
FORCED DRAFT COOLING TOWER
Air out
Spray eliminator
Wood fill
Water in
Air in
Water out
Water in
Spray eliminator
Air out
Air in
Water out
Basin
i.e.
Operating Procedures:
Before starting the plant, ensure that:
1. All the valves in the refrigeration system, condenser condenser water lines and chilled water
lines are open, except those of the standby items of equipments .
2. There is sufficient water supply to the cooling tower and the make up water system is
working satisfactorily.
3. That the make up water system to the expansion tank of the chilled water circuit is working and
there is regular water supply.
5. That all doors and windows of the air conditioned/refrigerated area are closed.
2.6 Switch on the refrigerant solenoid valve or the pilot solenoid valve
2.7 Start the compressor motor. In the compressor with oil pumps , the compressor
oil pressure should build up as the compressor is started. Check the oil level in
the sight glass of the compressor.
3. After the plant operation has stabilized, check all the pressures and temperatures and
ensure that the plant is working satisfactorily. Readings are to be taken and recorded.
4.2 The following ‘cooling tower WB approach’ may be taken if the cooling tower
selection details are not available: atmospheric cooling tower : 4.5°C to 5.5°C
induced draft cooling tower : 2.7°C to 3.3°C. Cooling tower performance also can be
judged by the relation between WB temperature of the surroundings and cooling
tower sump temperature (this difference is called the ‘ wet bulb approach ’ of the
cooling tower.)
4.3 In air-cooled systems, the condensing temperature will be about
11°C to 14°C above the dry bulb temperature of the surroundings. Note:
in the water-cooled units, the condensing temperature is governed by the
outside wet bulb temperature, while in air-cooled units it is the outside dry
bulb temperature that has to be considered.
7. During the operation, if the system stops , try to trace out the reason,
before starting it again.
Stopping sequence:
Bypass
Bypass
Condensing coil
Condensing coil
air
Fresh air
Room
Conditioning
system
Heating coil
Absolute humidity
Relative humidity = X 100 %
Saturation quantity
The difference between the dry bulb and the wet bulb
readings is known as the “depression”.
Process 0 – 3 Humidifying
Process 0 – 4 Dehumidifying