Cardiovascular resuscitation

Question

You are a bystander, you see a person is pulseless,

describe the complete process of your procedure
what will you do in this situation?
What is CPR ?

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) consists of the

use of chest compressions and artificial ventilation to
maintain circulatory flow and oxygenation during
cardiac arrest
Before you begin
Before starting CPR, check:
Is the person conscious or unconscious?
If the person appears unconscious, tap or shake his or
her shoulder and ask loudly, "Are you OK?"
If the person doesn't respond and two people are
available, one should call 1122 or the local emergency
number and also should begin CPR.
CAB
Remember to spell C-A-B
The American Heart Association uses the acronym of
CAB — circulation, airway, and breathing—
Circulation: Restore blood circulation with chest compressions

Put the person on his or her back on a firm surface.

Kneel next to the person's neck and shoulders.
Place the heel of one hand over the centre of the
person's chest, between the nipples. Place other hand
on top of the first hand. Keep elbows straight and
position shoulders directly above hands.
Use upper body weight (not just arms) as you push
straight down on (compress) the chest at least 2 inches
(approximately 5 centimetres). Push hard at a rate of
about 100 compressions a minute.
Airway: Clear the airway

Open the person's airway using the head-tilt, chin-lift

manoeuvre. Put palm on the person's forehead and
gently tilt the head back. Then with the other hand,
gently lift the chin forward to open the airway.
Check for normal breathing, taking no more than five
or 10 seconds. Look for chest motion, listen for normal
breath sounds, and feel for the person's breath on your
cheek and ear. If the person isn't breathing normally,
begin mouth-to-mouth breathing.
Breathing: Breathe for the person

Rescue breathing can be mouth-to-mouth breathing or mouth-

to-nose breathing if the mouth is seriously injured or can't be
opened.
With the airway open (using the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver),
pinch the nostrils shut for mouth-to-mouth breathing and
cover the person's mouth with yours, making a seal.
Prepare to give two rescue breaths. Give the first rescue breath
— lasting one second — and watch to see if the chest rises. If it
does rise, give the second breath. If the chest doesn't rise,
repeat the head-tilt, chin-lift manoeuvre and then give the
second breath. Thirty chest compressions followed by two
rescue breaths is considered one cycle.
A universal compression to ventilation ratio of 30:2 is
recommended for adult, children and infant if only a
single rescuer is present.
 If at least 2 rescuers are present a ratio of 15:2 is preferred
in adults, children and infants.
In newborns a rate of 3:1 is recommended. Resume chest
compressions to restore circulation.
If the person has not begun moving after five cycles
(about two minutes) and an automatic external
defibrillator (AED) is available, apply it and follow the
prompts.
Administer one shock, and then resume CPR —
starting with chest compressions — for two more
minutes before administering a second shock.
Points to remmber
If you're not trained to use an AED, a 1122 or other
emergency medical operator may be able to guide you
in its use. Use paediatric pads, if available, for children
ages 1 through 8. Do not use an AED for babies
younger than age 1.
Continue CPR until there are signs of movement or
emergency medical personnel take over.
Automatic External Defibrillator (AED)
If an AED is available in the immediate area, use it as soon as
possible to jump–start the victim’s heart
Make sure there are no puddles or standing water in the
immediate area.
Remove any metal necklaces. Check for any body piercings, or
evidence that the victim has a pacemaker or implantable
cardiac defibrillator (should be indicated by a medical
bracelet)
Make sure the chest is absolutely dry. Note that if the person
has a lot of chest hair, you may need to shave it. Some AED
kits come with razors for this purpose.
Attachment of sticky pads with electrodes to the victim’s
chest. Follow the instructions on the AED for placement.
Move the pads at least 1 inch (2.5 cm) away from any
metal piercings or implanted devices
Make sure no one is touching the person.
Press analyze on AED machine. If the shock is needed,
the machine will notify. If the shock is needed , remove
the electrode pads and resume CPR for another 5 cycles
before using the AED again
Make sure no one is touching him or her
References

1. Retrieved from

http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/first-aid-
cpr/FA00061 access on 10-12- 2013
2. Retrieved from http://www.wikihow.com/Do-CPR-
on-an-Adult access on 10-12-2013