SCHEMATIC OF WELL COMPLETION

CHRISTMAS TREE : The X-Mas tree is a valve

assembly installed immediately above the tubing head
spool to control the flow from the well. The X-Mas tree
usually consists of one top valve, one master valve, two
side valves, two arm valves , Cross piece and bean
body. The bean body accommodates bean housing and
beans of various sizes can be installed in the bean
housing. The X-Mas trees used by OIL INDIA LTD are of
the ratings of 3000 psi, 5000 psi and 10,000 psi. Usually
two master valves are installed where the pressure
expected to be encountered are in the range 5000 psi or
above.The X-Mas tree also provides means for wire line
operations.

5000 PSIG X-MAS TREE / TUBING HEAD SPOOL

S/NO NOMINAL STUD DIA & NO OF API RATING OF
DIA LENGTH STUDS RING JOINT
(INCHES) GASKET
( INCHES )
1 8 RX-24
2 1/16 7/ X 6 1/4
8
2 8 RX-27
2 9/16 1 X 6 7/8
3 8 RX-35
3 1/ 8 1 1/8 X 7 1/4
4 12 RX-46
7 1/16 1 3/8 X 10 3/4
5 11 12 RX-54
1 7/8 X 13 3/4
6 12 RX-57
13 5/8 1 5/8 X 12 3/4
 CONVENTIONAL WELL HEAD

TUBING HEAD SPOOL : The Tubing Head Spool is

installed over the Casing Head Housing/ Spool. It acts
as a base for the X-Mas tree and also as support for
the tubings in the well as it accommodates the Tubing
Hanger where the tubings are hanged. The Tubing
Head Spool is equipped with Bit Pilot to guide the
Tubings as it is lowered and also has assembly of
secondary seals which when energised acts as a seal
between 5 ½” Casing and 9 5/8” casing. The two
casing valves provides access to the tubing casing
annulus.
TYPES OF WELL COMPLETION
(A) OPEN COMPLETION
NO PACKER , NO STANDING VALVE
ADVANTAGES
1.0 Suspended tubing can be used as a kill
string. It is easier and less damaging to
reservoir to kill by circulation.
2.0 Tubing can be used to inject corrosion
inhibitor.
3.0 Easy Hook up
LIMITATIONS
1.0 Casing is exposed to corrosive fluid
2.0 The production casing is not protected
against pressure effects during normal
operations

GAS LIFT VALVE

PERFORATION (OPEN)

BRIDGE PLUG

PERFORATION (P/B)
FLOAT COLLAR
CASING SHOE
TYPES OF WELL COMPLETION
(B) SEMI CLOSED COMPLETION
WITH PACKER , NO STANDING VALVE

ADVANTAGES
1.0 Isolation of casing from well bore pressure
and temperature.
2.0 Quick enlivening of well by restricting
volume to be removed for enlivening the well to
tubing volume only.
3.0 Suitable for artificial lift.
4.0 The high gas pressure in case of gas lift
completion does not act on the reservoir.
4.0 Stable flow.
LIMITATIONS
1.0 Work over may be required in case of
packer leak and the packer may not get unset.
2.0 SSD ( Sliding Slide Door) is required to
permit circulation between tubing and casing
and this necessitates wire line operation.

GAS LIFT VALVE

PACKER

PERFORATION (OPEN)
BRIDGE PLUG

PERFORATION (P/B)
FLOAT COLLAR
CASING SHOE
TYPES OF WELL COMPLETION
(C) CLOSED COMPLETION
WITH PACKER , WITH STANDING VALVE

ADVANTAGES
1.0 ALL the advantages as in semi closed
completion.
2.0 Suitable for very low BHP wells as the
standing valve does not allow the well fluid
from tubing to fall back to the formation.
LIMITATIONS
1.0 Same as in semi closed completion
2.0 The standing valve is to be removed
every time any job in perforations are done.

GAS LIFT VALVE

STANDING VALVE
PACKER

PERFORATION (OPEN)

BRIDGE PLUG

PERFORATION (P/B)
FLOAT COLLAR
CASING SHOE
DUAL STRING PRODUCTION

Short string

Dual Packer
Long string
Top Perforation
Blast Joint

Bottom Packer

Bottom
Perforation
 PACKER
DEFINITION : It is a down hole equipment used to
seal off the annulus between tubing and casing.
FUNCTIONS :
1) To protect casing from high pressure during
production e.g. gas well
2) To prevent charging effect in low pressure wells
3) To protect casing from high pressure during
injection, e.g. hydraulic fracturing, gravel packing
etc.
4) To isolate casing leaks
5) To protect casing during acid jobs.
6) To isolate higher up perforations.
7) To increase efficiency of gas lifting
8) For use in multi zone production e.g. dual string,
commingling production etc.
9) For use in conjunction with sub-surface safety
valve, standing valve, jet pump, down hole heater
etc.
10) To hold kill fluid in casing tubing annulus
11) To anchor tubing in rod pump wells
12) To prevent build up of gas in annulus due to
miscreant activities
 CLASSIFICATION OF PACKER –BASED ON CONSTRUCTION

PERMANENT RETRIEVABLE PERMANENT-RETREIVABLE

WIRELINE SET TUBING SET

MECHANICAL HYDRAULIC INFLATABLE

SET

COMPRESSION SET TENSION SET ROTATION SET

CLASSIFICATION OF PACKER –BASED ON FUNCTION

TESTING PRODUCTION INJECTION STRADDLE

CEMENT RETAINER GRAVEL PACKING

FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED WHILE CHOOSING
PACKER :
1.0 CASING SIZE AND WEIGHT/FEET
2.0 TUBING SIZE
3.0 NATURE OF FLUID IN HOLES
4.0 SETTING LOCATIONS AND METHOD AVAILABLE
5.0 SETTING DEPTH
6.0 PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE TO BE
ENCOUNTERED
7.0 NATURE OF THE HOLE – DEVIATED OR STRAIGHT
COMPONENTS OF A PACKER :
SEALING ELEMENTS – Most packers use multiple
seal with a softer middle seal and harder outer
seals. The soft center element serves to seal
off at lower pressure differential, harder end
elements are used as back up seals to prevent
extrusion and effect of high temperature and
pressure.
SLIPS – To hold the packer in position. Opposed slips
are provided in permanent packers
CIRCULATING PORTS OR VALVES – To circulate or
equalize pressure.
FRICTION BLOCKS – To provide drag and to prevent
rotation of packer. Needed for mechanical
packers only.
SAFETY JOINT – To guard against stuck packer,
HYDRAULIC HOLD DOWN – To provide extra grip if
the differential from below is more. Zone
pressure activates them.
A) MECHANICAL COMPRESSION SET PACKER (
HOOK WALL PACKER)

The HOOK wall packer consists of slip and cone

arrangement as shown. The bottom sub contains
slips, friction blocks and internal “J” slot. The packer
is set by (a) Picking up tubing for calculated weight
release, (b) Rotating right hand to disengage “J” slot.
©Lowering tubing to release the weight

Calculation for weight released on hook wall

packer
Hooke’s Law :
Stress  Strain
Stress/ Strain = Constant (Modulus of Elasticity )

E = F/A
L/L

Here in the above equation

E : 3 X107 lbs/ sq inch
F : Weight desired to be loosened on packer in lbs
L : Length of the Tubing in inch
A : Cross section area of the tubing in sq inch
L : Elongation in inch.
B) HYDRAULIC PACKER : These type of packers
are set by hydraulic pressure. The actual setting
is actuated by trigger movement of piston which
energizes the sealing element to seal off and the
slips to hold on to the casing. The setting of the
packer is accomplished with the help of screws
as shown which are to be sheared off for it to
accomplish the desired purpose.
The packer is provided with the following shear pins
a) Setting b) Pump out c) Release.
Settings shear : The setting pressure is adjusted
generally to around 1000 psi to 1200 psi
Pump Out : The pump out is set to around
2400psi to 2600 psi
Release : The release is adjusted to around
25,000 lbs to 30,000 lbs pull.
All the above three settings are dependent on
the STATIC BOTTOM HOLE PRESSURE of the
well. The setting pressure and the Pump out of
the plug are kept high in case of low BHP wells
and are kept low in case of wells with high BHP.
SETTING PROCEDURE :
1.0 The packer is run on tubing to the desired depth.
2.0 The CHRISTMAS TREE is rigged up and the
change over to water is done if required
3.0 The packer actuating ball is dropped.
4.0 The packer actuating ball needs
about 2 to 3 hours to reach the
desired depth. The traveling time is
dependent on the depth and
deviation.
5.0 The tubing is slowly topped up with
the fluid and the casing is kept open to
confirm the ball being set in the Pump Out
Plug. If there is no return through the
casing the ball has occupied its position in
the Pump Out Pug.

6.0 The tubing is pressurized

hydraulically very slowly considering
the detrimental affect of the
hammering action which may result in
shearing of the pins without any
surface indication and also without
actualizing the trigger movement of
the piston. There is slight drop in
pressure after the setting pins are
sheared.
7.0 The pressure has to be retained for
few minutes for the seals and the
slips to engage in the casing.
8.0 The pressure is further increased till
the ball shears off the pump out plug
and the pump out plug along with the
ball falls to the sump. No return of
fluid from the casing confirms the
setting of the packer.
C) PERMANENT PACKER / RETAINER PACKER
These type of packers incorporate design and
construction features which give them long life
and improved performance under high
pressure and temperature. These are heavy
duty packers equipped with two way slips for
permanent installation. These are generally
wire line set . The main features of these
packers are as under
1.0 These can be used as temporary or
permanent bridge plugs by running in
a retrieval or Expandable plug in tubing
and setting it in the packer.
2.0 They can withstand high differential
pressures and high temperatures.
3.0 Tubing can be pulled without
unsetting the packer.
4.0 The tubing may be landed in tension,
suspension or compression. These can be
removed economically by milling or drilling.
D) STRADDLE PACKER : These packers are used
for zone isolation and are run in conjunction with
either Hook Wall packer or Hydraulic packer.
After the Hook wall or the hydraulic packer are set
the compression of the tubing shears of the
screws on to the body of the straddle packer and
with the movement of the cone the sealing
elements expand and the packer sets
Inflow Performance Relationship (IPR) :
It describes the ability of the reservoir to
deliver fluid (i.e. Prod Rate, Q) for a
prescribed pressure drop between reservoir
and wellbore (drawdown, P ).
Where,
drawdown = P
= Static BHP-Flowing BHP
Productivity Index :
The relationship between Q & P reduces
to a straight line as follows

Q
J = ------------------
SBHP - FBHP

And PI = (-1/J)
 Combined IPR for Undersaturated Reservoir

Linear Region Vogel Region

Q= J  P Q=Q vog,max x
Pr

{1-0.2(Pwf/PR)-0.8(Pwf/PR)2}
Pbp
Slope = PI
Bubble Point
P
IPR CURVE

Q Qbp
 GAS WELL KILLING SET UP

TANKS

KILL FLUID

KILL PUMP
X-MASS TREE FLARE

ANCHOR
FLARE PIT
CHECK VALVE
GAS
RETURN
FLUID / GAS

SEPARATOR
STEAM GROUND
JACKET XMT

OIL
ANCHOR

PILOT PIT

TANKS
KILLING A WELL : Killing of a well is a operation to increase the
hydrostatic head of the fluid column in the well bore above the
formation pressure, so that no formation fluid can enter the well
bore. In other words the process of deactivating the well so that
the well cannot displace any fluid on its own.
NEED FOR KILLING :
1.0 For the work-over of the well if the well falls sick
2.0 On safety consideration, due to damage of well head by
miscreants.
3.0 For abandonment of the well.
TYPES OF KILLING OPERATIONS :
1.0 Killing of Gas/Oil wells with Open completion
2.0 Killing of Gas /Oil wells with Closed/ Semi-closed completion
KILLING OF A GAS WELL WITH OPEN COMPLETION :
a) Requirements –
1) High pressure kill pump depending on the expected pressure to be
encountered.
2) Stand by Fire tender to cater for any emergency.
3) Boiler facilities for steam jacket to avoid freezing of the line
4) A Non return valve in the kill line to avoid back flow of fluids from
the well.
5) Flare to be placed at least 90m from the well head, separator and
tanks.
6) Kill pump at a distance of at least 45m from well head.
7) Separators and tanks to be placed at least 45m from well head.
CALCULATION FOR KILL FLUID
WEIGHT :
P = (g)h
(Overburden + BHP)= Kill fluid gradient X Height

Required Weight of
Soln or Mud (lbs/cft) Mid perforation
OB + BHP = Depth (ft)
(Psig) 144

Required Weight of (BHP + OB )(Psig) 144

Soln or Mud (lbs/cft)
= Mid perforation Depth (ft)
STEPS TO BE FOLLOWED IN GAS WELL KILLING –

1) Check for all the necessary equipments, connections required

and the safety distances along with the pressure ratings as
shown.
2) Ensure check valve in the kill line and stand by fire tender.
3) Calculate the hole volume and check the availability of the
required amount of kill fluid with proper weight. The kill fluid
available should be at least 10% percentage more than the
hole volume, to take care for any fluid loss during the
operation.
4) Check tubing and casing pressure.
5) Test the kill line for a pressure above the expected pressure to
be encountered.
6) Pressurize the kill line with water by above 200 – 300 psi
above the tubing pressure open the master valve of the X-Mas
tree. As the pumping of the water is carried on the tubing
pressure initially drops as the gas gets compressed and after it
is compressed the tubing pressure starts to increase. At this
stage the casing valve is to be opened through a suitable
choke in the ground X-Mas tree. This choke is gradually
increased as the fluid starts entering the casing. The back
pressure is required to be applied to arrest the entry of fluid
from the formation to the well bore.
7) After the complete change over to water the tubing and casing
pressure drops and the well fluid is changed over completely to
kill fluid.
8) Keep the well opened to pit and observe for any displacement.
If no displacement is observed the well is killed.
KILLING OF A OIL/GAS WELL WITH SEMI-CLOSED / CLOSED
COMPLETION –

The killing of a well with semi closed or closed completion can be

carried out simply by circulation as explained earlier if the
well is equipped with Sliding Slide Door above the packer.
The standing valve has to be removed in case of the closed
completion

Steps :
1) Check all the fittings for the suitable pressure ratings.
2) Ensure availability of fire service.
3) Check for the proper availability of the kill fluid in volume and
weight.
4) Check and bleed tubing and casing pressure till it becomes
zero or liquid appears.
5) Top up tubing and casing with kill fluid.
6) Open well to pit and observe for any displacement.
7) In case of no displacement Rig down X-Mas tree. Rig up
BOP.
 ARTIFICIAL LIFT :

TYPES OF ARTIFICIAL LIFT

SUCKER ROD
GAS LIFT
PUMP
The
need for Artificial Lift in a well arises, if the Reservoir
ELECTRICAL Pressure of the
HYDRAULIC
SUBMERSIBLE
Perforated Formation is PUMP PUMP
sufficient to make the reservoir fluid flow from
the reservoir to the well bore up to a certain height, but the Bottom
Hole Pressure is not sufficient to overcome the Hydrostatic Head
exerted by the fluid column of the well and thus the well can not flow
on its own .
The purpose of artificial lift is to lift out the well fluid by various
methods available. This also helps by maintaining a reduced Flowing
Bottom Hole Pressure so that Reservoir Fluids can flow into the
Wellbore. (Low BHP Low PI)
CONTINUOUS GAS LIFT INTERMITTENT GAS LIFT
A) GAS LIFT : Compressed Natural Gas at high pressure
(1500 psig) from Gas Compressor Station is supplied to a
number of wells through a set of Gas Lift Valves run on the
tubings. The gas either mechanically lifts the well fluid as in
intermittent flow or aerates the well fluid so that the well can
flow more or less naturally, as in continuous flow.
i) CONTINUOUS LIFT : The basic principle of continuous lift is
to inject the gas into the tubing at some predetermined depth
at a controlled rate. This aerates and thus reduce the density
of the well fluid column above it, to a point where the flowing
BHP for a desired rate of production is sufficient to lift the well
fluid to surface. Thus the well fluid is produced continuously
from the well.
In continuous gas lift, only one valve will accomplish the gas
injection work, and this valve should be as deep as possible
as per available normal gas injection pressure. This valve is
termed as operating valve.
ii) INTERMITTENT LIFT : In intermittent lift, sufficient volume
of gas is injected as quickly as possible into the tubing under
a liquid column and then gas injection is stopped. The volume
of injected gas expands and in the process displaces the slug
of well fluid to surface. Intermittent Lift does not require
assistance of flowing BHP.
In this system, a pause or idle period is provided, when no gas
injection takes place. In this period the well is allowed to build
up the level of liquid, which depends on Reservoir Pressure
and PI of the well. Then again the next gas injection cycle is
initiated. In this manner, as the name suggests, intermittent
gas lift works on the principle of intermittent injection in a
regular cycle.
GAS LIFT VALVE SCHEMATIC

Nitrogen
Lifter Gas
Well Fluid

GAS LIFT VALVE

BELLOW
Pd
Ab
STEM
Pc
SEAT
Ap
Pt

GAS LIFT MANDREL

CASING
 FORCE BALANCE EQUATIONS OF A GAS LIFT VALVE
OPENING PRESSURE OF VALVE UNDER OPERATION CONDITIONS
FORCES TRYING TO HOLD THE VALVE CLOSED

Fc = PdAb
FORCES TRYING TO OPEN THE VALVE

Fo = Pc(Ab_Ap) + PtAp ………………… ( A )

The valve at closed position at the instant before opening, The forces
trying to open the valve are equal to the forces trying to hold it closed.
Solving the equations
Pc(Ab – Ap) + PtAp = PdAb
Pc = (Pd – Pt R) / ( 1-R) , Where R = Ap / Ab
Pc – Casing pressure at depth required to open the valve
CLOSING PRESSURE OF VALVE UNDER OPERATION CONDITIONS
FORCES TRYING TO CLOSE THE VALVE

Fc = PdAb
FORCES TRYING TO HOLD THE VALVE OPEN

Fo = Pc (Ab – Ap) + PcAp

Fo = Fc
Pc (Ab – Ap) + PcAp = PdAb
Pc = Pd
Therefore the casing pressure at valve must be reduced to dome
pressure at valve depth for the valve to close.
The difference between the opening and closing pressure at valve
depth is called spread. The spread controls the amount of gas that
passes through the valve
 Pressure (Psig)
1000 Psig
0 900 F
Kill F
lu id G

Tem
Gas
r adie
nt

pera
G
GLV

radie

ture
1

nt
Depth

Gr a
(ft) GLV 2
Un

dien
loa

t
di

GLV 3
ng
G

GLV 4
rad
i
ent

GLV 5
Packer
Depth
10,000
ft
1800 F
B) ROD PUMP : They consist of of the simple combination of a
cylinder and piston or plunger with suitable intakes and discharge
valves. The production rate will depend on Deliverability and can
be varied by varying stroke length
For scrapping purpose, scrappers are provided at the parafinated
zone.
C) ELECTRICAL SUBMERSIBLE PUMP : These are essentially
large and fixed volume multistage centrifugal pumps and are run
on the end of the tubing. The pump is driven by submersible
electrical motors, powered through cable run along with tubing.
D) PROGRESSIVE CAVITY PUMP : This essentially is
submersible screw pump. It consist of a stator, having inside
spirals, run on tubing, and a rotor, having surface spirals, hanged
and run with rods coupled to a electric motor at surface. The
cavity formed between spiral surface of rotor and stator moves up
progressively on relative rotation between them, carrying and
pushing up the well fluid to surface.
E) HYDRAULIC PUMP : It essentially consists of a hydraulic
pumping system to run a subsurface production unit actuated by
hydraulic pressure. The produced fluid itself is used as power
fluid.
 COMPARISION OF DIFFERENT ARTIFICIAL LIFT METHODS

ROD PUMP HYDRAULIC SUBMERSIBLE GAS LIFT

PUMP PUMP

Simple design Complex design complicated simple design

design

Cannot be used Can be used in Can be used in Can be used in

in deviated hole deviated hole deviated hole deviated hole

Volume and Clean power fluid Needs high fluid Needs high
depth limitations imperative level pressure gas
source.
Can handle Can handle waxy Can handle waxy Can handle
some sand and crude but sand crude and some some sand
waxy crude and water create sand
problem of
providing clean
power fluid.
Suitable for low Suitable for high Suitable for high Suitable for
volume volume volume variable flow.
production production. production.
INTERMITTENT LIFT - 1st Valve unloads
a) Initial state

GLV -Open
INTERMITTENT LIFT -1st Valve unloads
b) Gas enters casing, unloading the liquid through tubing.
(U tubing)

GLV -Operating
GLV -Open
INTERMITTENT LIFT -1st Valve unloads
c) Gas occupies casing down to !st Valve and enters tubing

GLV -Operating
GLV -Open
INTERMITTENT LIFT- 1st Valve unloads
d) First gas shot completed. Gas emerges through tubing

GLV -Operating
GLV -Open
INTERMITTENT LIFT- 1st Valve unloads
e) First gas shot completed. Gas emerges through tubing

GLV -Operating
GLV -Open
INTERMITENT LIFT - 1st Valve unloads
f) unloading continues ( 2nd shot )

GLV -Operating
GLV -Open
INTERMITENT LIFT 2nd Valve unloads
Gas pushes the casing fluid level down to 2nd valve, and
starts unloading through same.

GLV -Closed
GLV -Operating
GLV -Open
CONTINUOUS LIFT

GLV -Closed
GLV -Operating
GLV -Open
TALLY FOR GAS LIFT VALVE

2763 M
GLV 1 687 M

2132 M
GLV 2 1318 M

1570 M
GLV 3 1880 M

1071 M
GLV 4 2380 M

5 ½” “ F/B HOOK WALL PACKER Baker R3

to be set at 3450 m

Perforation 3547.4- 3549.7 m

Float collar at 3582.4 ( m)

WORK OVER OPERATION
The work over is the oil field term for any work that attempts to
increase production from old well. A Work-Over rig is a scaled down
drilling Rig with which the operations can be carried out at a sick
well. The work over rig is equipped to perform operations of pulling
out and running in pipe strings, turning the pipe string while it is in
the hole, to circulate fluids in a well and to carry out fishing
operations.
NEED FOR WORK-OVER :
During the course of the life of a well drilled for the purpose of
production of oil/gas, water injection and water disposal get sick
resulting in decline in production of oil/gas or decrease in injection
of water in water disposal well / water injection well. The various
types of jobs that are required to be carried out are listed below:
TYPES OF WORK-OVER :
1) SERVICING OF WELLS – SAND CLEANING
2) PUTTING ON ARTIFICIAL LIFT
3) PREPARATION OF WELL FOR GRAVEL PACK.
5) WATER DISPOSAL / WATER INJECTION CONVERSION
6) CASING REPAIR JOB
7) ISOLATION REPAIR
8) PRODUCTION FROM NEW ZONE
9) WATER SHUT OFF JOB
10) RECOVERY OF PRODUCTION FISH
11) ABANDONING THE WELL
SPOOL TESTING :
Spool testing means hydraulic testing of the space between
Casing Head Housing and Tbg Head Spool, enclosed by
Primary Seal, Secondary Seal, and the Ring Joint Gasket.
NECESSITY OF SPOOL TESTING:
a) The Primary seal prevents casing fluid/ gas from entering 5
1/2 & 9 5/8 casing annulus. It is not desirable to subject the
9 5/8” Casing to high pressure as the pressure rating of the
9 5/8” casing is not high. Moreover, the cementing failure of
9 5/8” casing will aggravate the problem by contaminating
ground water.
b) The Ring joint Gasket prevents escape of casing fluid/ gas
to atmosphere through the joint between Casing Head
Housing & tubing Head Spool.
c) The secondary seal works as back up to both of the above
sealing components. If secondary seal holds, primary seal
and ring joint gasket are not exposed to casing fluid/ gas.
STEPS FOLLOWED FOR SPOOL TESTING :

Step 1 : The 5 ½” Casing is given the final cut of 4 ¼” or 3 ½”

as required. The cut portion filed and smoothened.

Step 2 :The tubing Head Spool is installed and

tightened over the Casing Head Spool.

continued …….
Step 3 : The 5 ½” casing and the annulus between 5½”
and 9 5/8” casing are topped up with the
available fluid.
Step 4 : Bleed off port is opened by removing the plug.
Step 5 : The packing gun is screwed at injection port. Plastic
packing are inserted in the packing gun and injected is
started. When the plastic packing starts coming
out from the bleed off port, the plug of the bleed off
port is installed. Injection of plastic packing is
continued to energise the secondary seal.
Step 6 : The manifold is screwed at the test port.
Hydraulic pump and pressure recorder is attached to the
manifold. Water or hydraulic fluid is pumped
through the test port upto desired pressure.
Step 7 : Pressure is monitored for a duration of at least
half an hour. If pressure is holding spool
testing is completed.

SPOOL NOT HOLDING PRESSURE

1) Leaky Ring joint

–Liquid seen coming out between the flanges of Tubing
Head Spool and Casing Head Spool
–Retighten the studs.

2) Secondary seal leak

–Liquid seen coming out from the casing/ spool
– Insert mort plastic packing.

3) Primary seal Leak

– Liquid seen coming out through the Annulus Valve
– Drilling to reinstall / replace primary seal.
10000 PSIG X-MAS TREE / TUBING HEAD SPOOL
S/NO NOMINAL STUD DIA & NO OF API RATING OF
DIA LENGTH STUDS RING JOINT
(INCHES) GASKET
( INCHES )
1 8 BX-152
2 1/16 3/ X 5 1/
4 4
2 8 BX-153
2 9/16 7/ X 6
8
3 3 1/ 8 1 X 6 3/4 12 BX-154

4 16 BX-156
7 1/16 1 1/2 X 11 1/4
5 11 16 BX-158
1 3/4 X 15
6 20 BX-159
13 5/8 1 7/8 X 17 1/4