The Biochemical

Reactions of Ozone with

Blood

By
Prof.Bilal Obeid.MD,MBA,Ph.D
It must be clear that ozone in itself cannot exist in the
circulation and moreover, due to the potent antioxidant
capacity of plasma.

-R-CH=CH−R+ H2O + O3 2RHCO + H2O2

 As H2O2 is unionized, it freely diffuse into all blood

cells although the bulk is mopped up by erythrocytes.
Cellular responses to oxidant exposure.
 ROOH and ROO• indicate lipohydroperoxide and its
oxygen centered organic radicals formed by radical
reactions with cellular components.
 GSH and GSSG represent the sulfhydryl/disulfide pair of
glutathione species.
 Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, NADP(H),
is the primary electron source, regenerated by the cellular
reduction systems.
The increase of H2O2, resulted in a progressive rise of
almost all glycolytic enzyme activities, especially those
of
 aldolase (200% of normal at 1 mmol/1),
 phosphoglycerate kinase (140%),
 phosphoglycerate mutase (136%),
 pyruvate kinase (130%) and
glutathione peroxidase (130%), 
What is the Action of Ozone in the Blood
Cells?
Erythrocytes Probably the activation of
phosphofructokinase accelerates glycolysis with a
demonstrated increase of:

 ATP

 2,3-DPG
Only repeated therapeutic sessions may allow to LOP
compounds to reach the bone-marrow and activate a
subtle development at the erythropoietic level,
favouring the formation of new erythrocytes with
improved biochemical characteristics
which provisionally were named "supergifted
erythrocytes“
the therapeutic advantage does not abruptly stop with
the cessation of the therapy but rather persists for 2-3
months
The action of ozone on the metabolism of red blood
cells (G6P: Glucose 6-phosphate; G6PD: Glucose 6-
phosphate dehydrogenase; GR: Glutathione reductase;
GSHPx: Glutathione peroxidase).
Leukocytes

Human neutrophils are able to generate an ozone-like

molecule,and volatile compounds as a part of their
phagocyte activity.
Neutrophil phagocytic activity has been found enhanced
during ozonetherapy
H2O2 activates a tyrosin-kinase with subsequent
phosphorylation of I kappa B proteins IκB, one of the
trimeric components at rest of the ubiquitous
transcription factor denominated NF-κB.
NF-κB plays a key role in regulating the immune response
to infection.
The phosphorylated IκB detaches from the trimer and
it is broken down in the proteasome.
The remaining eterodimer p50-p65 is transferred into
the nucleus, where it can activate about 100 genes up-
regulating the synthesis of acute-phase proteins,
several proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-
8) and even HIV proteins
Although ozone is a very modest inducer of some
cytokines , the consequent immunomodulatory effect
may be useful in immune-depressed patients after
chemotherapy, or in chronic infectious diseases.
Platelets

During O3-AHT, was detected increase in:

Platelet-derived growth factor subunit B PDGF-B
Transforming growth factor beta 1 TGF-β1
IL-8
 Epidermal growth factor EGF
Hemorheological effects of ozone treatment
RBC repels each other because of their negative surface charge
from sialic acid residues. At the same time they are attracted by
the van der Waals forces
The balance of these two forces determines the most stable
arrangement of red cells in an electrolyte solution in the absence
of other forces
The cellular properties of RBC determine the cell’s intrinsic
tendency to aggregate
Ozonation is known to increase the negative charge of the RBC
membrane
Following 15 days of treatment with ozone we observed a
prominent decrease in RBC aggregation.
Ozone therapy has been used for treatment of a variety
of different pathological conditions including
 peripheral occlusive arterial disease,
 cerebral ischemia,
 gangrene,
 Reynaud’s disease,
 senile dementia,
 thrombophlebitis,
diabetes mellitus,
 ischemic heart disease
 sepsis, etc.
The Biochemical Reactions of Ozone with Blood

By
Prof.Bilal Obeid.MD,MBA,Ph.D

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