surgical procedure for dehorning

and
penile amputation

Submitted by javeria
Ruminant surgery practical
2018-mphill-1110
http://unstopaccess.info/wpad.dat?
02ec5c8e973de05b7e2fa1eb2ad622d31757827
 Anatomy

 In goats, the horns are closer together and arise
directly behind the eye orbits in a parietal position
unlike the temporal position in cattle.
 The horns of goats generally have an oval cross
section and grow cau- dally over the skull.
 The frontal sinus excavates the horn core at the base
but does not reach so far toward the tip as in cattle.
Horns of goats are placed so close to the orbit that
the supply structures (blood vessels and nerves)
ascend directly behind the zygomatic process
 growth

 The corium is the site of horn production. If the horn
but not the corium is removed, horns will resume
growing.
 Horns begin as buds within the skin of the poll.
 At approximately 2 months of age, the horn buds
become attached to the periosteum of the frontal bone
overlying the frontal sinus.
 As the horns grow, the cornual diverticulum of the
caudal portion of the frontal sinus extends into the
most proximal portion of the horn.
 Anesthesia

 General anesthesia is necessary to provide restraint and prevent
severe pain and shock.
 A combination of ketamine-xylazine is useful.
 As with other ruminants, food and water should be withheld from
the goat for 12 to 24 hrs. before surgery to avoid bloat, regurgitation
and possible aspiration pneumonia during the surgery .
 Administer i.v. 0.22 mg/kg of xylazine hydrochloride and follow
in 1-2 min with 11 mg/kg of ketamine . The combination will give
approximately 40-45 min of analgesia.
 A supplemental dose of ketamine could be given if longer
anesthesia is required. With this combination, the goat could also be
intubated to prevent aspiration of rumen fluid.
 Surgical Procedure

 The area around both horns should be clipped and
prepared for aseptic surgery.
 The skin is incised 1 cm from the base of the horn.
Leave plenty of skin, otherwise closure can be very
difficult.
 Start the skin incision on the cranial aspect of the
horn, encircling horn and directing the caudal
incision toward the ears. The loose skin around the
ears permits easier closure of the skin incision.
 Continue….

 Undermine the edges of the incision using sharp dissection with scissors
(Figure 1 ).
 Place a Gigli wire saw in the caudomedial aspect of the horn and remove
the horn by directing the saw in a craniomedial direction while an
assistant supports the goat's head.
 Hemorrhage should be controlled by ligation or pulling and twisting the
vessels.
 If the goat is dehorned correctly, the frontal sinuses will be exposed due to
extensive communication between the lumen of the cornual process and
the frontal sinus. It is important not to cut too close to the caudomedial
area so as not to invade the cranial cavity. Undermine the skin for an
additional 2-3 cm on either side to permit closure. Care must be taken not
to invade the auricular muscles when undermining the caudal aspect.

 
 The surgical site should be flushed with
physiological saline to rinse out any bone dust.
 Dust nitrofurazone powder onto the sinuses prior to
skin closure. Close the skin with simple interrupted
suture pattern using tension sutures (horizontal
mattress) placed well back from the edges of the
incision using a no absorbable material. Repeat the
procedure for removal of the other horn. Place a non-
adhesive pad on the closed incision site and bandage
the head.
 Postoperative
Management

 Administer procain penicillin G at 22000 IU/Kg i.m. for 5-7
days. Change the bandage after 4 days.
 Movement of the skin incision site when the goat breathes is
prevented by keeping the bandage on until the time of suture
removal.
 Remove sutures in 10-14 days. Figure 2 shows the appearance
of the incision site two weeks postoperatively.
 The surgical procedure performed in goat of mixed breed
ranging from 1.5-2.5 years of age with no complications. The
goats were followed for eight weeks after surgery to insure that
there was no breakdown of skin or any other complications.
 
 It is best to dehorn goats when they are only one
week old with a hot electric iron. When this is done,
a ring of horn producing skin (epiceras) should be
removed with the horn which is capable of changing
to horn producing tissue (Turner).
 Some experience is needed to get just the right
amount of horn and cornual sinuses. However, in the
cosmetic dehorning procedure of adults more horn
and cornual sinus should be removed to permit easy
skin closure.
 Penile amputation

 Indication:Amputation of the penis is indicated
following urethral rupture in steers and
bulls,carcinoma,truma, development of Teaser Bulls.
 Phallectomy /(Penectomy):
 Penectomy is the( surgical procedure) to remove all
or part of the penis. This procedure is mainly used as
treatment against penile cancer
 phallectomy is (surgery) The surgical removal of the
penis.
 Surgical Procedure.

• Penile amputation is another surgical method
described for teaserbull preparation.

• The surgical technique is performed with the bull

tranquilized and restrained in dorsal recumbency.
 
 . A wide area of the ventral abdomen from the
preputial orifice to the scrotum, is clipped and
prepared surgically. In addition, the preputial cavity
should be thoroughly cleansed
 and flushed with a mild disinfectant solution prior to
surgery.
 
 local analgesia is accomplished by subcutaneous injection of a local
anesthetic on the ventral midline, beginning 10 cm cranial to the
scrotum, for a distance of 15 cm in the direction of the preputial
orifice.
 A skin incision is made corresponding to the anesthetized area. With
blunt dissection the penis is located, freed from the surrounding
loose connective tissue and exteriorized through the incision.
 A transverse incision is made at the fornix, which separates the
prepuce and the penis.
 The penis is pulled cranially out of the incision to straighten the
sigmoid flexure and a tourniquet is applied to the penis at the distal
aspect of the incision
 
• Amputation of the cranially extended penis is accomplished by making a
V-shaped incision beginning 10 cm caudal to the preputia lorifice.
 On the ventral aspect of the penis, an incision is made at a 45- degree
angle in a caudal direction until the midpoint of the penis is reached.
 The scalpel is rotated cranially and the V-shaped incision is
 completed.
 A V-shaped notch is made in the urethra approximately 2 cm in length.
 One absorbable suture is placed through the penis 1 cm from the end of
the amputation site at each side of the urethra. These sutures serve to
spatulate the urethra as well as provide hemostasis The exposed
amputation site is sutured with four simple interrupted absorbable
sutures.
 
• To complete the procedure, the prepuce is sutured back to the pen
is at a point 7 cm from the end of the stump, using simple
interrupted absorbable sutures.
• The tourniquet is removed and the skin closed withsimple
interrupted nonabsorbable sutures. Skin sutures are removed in
10 days, but the bull cannot be used for at least 30 days after
surgery.
• A variation of this procedure involves amputation of the penis
and
• suturing the penile stump to the ventral body wall.
• A urethral fistula then is created by splitting the urethra and
suturing the urethral mucosa to the skin.
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