Rain Water Harvesting

CO5I-B
PRESENTED BY:
JYOTI KOLHE (73)
SHUBHAM JADHAV (74)
GAURAV THOMBARE (75)
 What is rain water harvesting ?
 Rainwater harvesting is a technology used for collecting and storing rainwater from
rooftops, the land surface or rock catchments using simple techniques such as jars
and pots as well as more complex techniques such as underground check dams.

 Rainwater harvesting is the accumulation and deposition of rainwater for reuse on-
site, rather than allowing it to run off.

 Rainwater harvesting is one of the simplest and oldest methods of self-supply of

water for households, and residential and household scale projects usually financed
by the user.
How we can harvest rain water in small
scale ?
Uses of Rain Water Harvesting :

Recharge under groundwater

Gardening

Livestock

Drinking purpose
For Irrigation purpose
Recharge under ground water
How we can harvest rainwater in large
scale ?
Broadly there are two ways harvesting
rainwater

1. Surface runoff harvesting .

2. Roof top rainwater harvesting .
Surface runoff harvesting :
 Surface runoff Surface runoff (also known as overland
flow) is the flow of water occurring on the ground
surface when excess rainwater , stromwater
,meltwater , or other sources, can no longer sufficiently
rapidly infiltrate in the soil .
  This can occur when the soil is saturated by water to
its full capacity, and that the rain arrives more quickly
than the soil can absorb it. Surface runoff often occurs
because impervious areas (such as roofs and pavement)
do not allow water to soak into the ground. Surface
runoff is a mojor component of water cycle .
Meteorological factors affecting Surface
runoff harvesting:
 Type of precipitation (rain, snow, sleet, etc.)
 Rainfall intensity
 Rainfall amount
 Rainfall duration
 Distribution of rainfall over the drainage basin
 Direction of storm movement
 Precipitation that occurred earlier and resulting soil moisture
 Other meteorological and climatic conditions that affect evapotranspiration, such
as temperature, wind, relative humidity, and season
Physical characteristics affecting Surface
runoff harvesting:
 Land use
 Vegetation
 Soil type
 Drainage area
 Basin shape
 Elevation
 Topography, especially the slope of the land
 Drainage network patterns
 Ponds, lakes, reservoirs, sinks, etc. in the basin, which prevent or delay runoff from
continuing downstream
Roof top rainwater harvesting :
 In rooftop harvesting, the roof becomes the
catchments, and the rainwater is collected from the
roof of the house/building. It can either be stored in a
tank or diverted to artificial recharge system. This
method is less expensive and very effective and if
implemented properly helps in augmenting the
groundwater level of the area
 Rooftop Rain Water Harvesting can be done at any
building, large or small, where each of the following
form a part of the RWH structure. The RWH system
mainly consist of catchment area, transportation,
flushing and filter media (Sand gravel filter/Charcoal
filter). The roof top rainwater is collected and stored
for direct use or it can be recharged the groundwater
level.
COMPONENTS OF ROOFTOP SYSTEM:

 Catchment (Rooftop)

 Conveyance (Pipes)

 First Flush Separator

 Filteration

 Storage

 Usage

 Recharge
CATCHMENT (Rooftop):

 The surface that receives rainfall

directly is the catchment of rainwater
harvesting system. It may be terrace,
courtyard, or paved or unpaved open
ground. The terrace may be flat
RCC/stone roof or sloping roof.
Therefore the catchment is the area,
which actually contributes rainwater
to the harvesting system .
 CONVEYANCE (PIPE) :
 Rainwater from rooftop should be carried
through down take water pipes or drains
to storage/ harvesting System .
 Water pipes should be UV resistant (ISI
HDPE/PVC pipes) of required capacity.
Water from sloping roofs could be caught
through gutters and down take pipe. At
terraces, mouth of the each drain should
have wire mesh to restrict floating
material .
FIRST FLUSH :

 First flush is a device used to flush off the

water received in first shower. The first
shower of rains needs to be flushed-off to
avoid contaminating storable/
rechargeable water by the probable
contaminants of the atmosphere and the
catchment roof. It will also help in
cleaning of silt and other material
deposited on roof during dry seasons
Provisions of first rain separator should
be made at outlet of each drainpipe.
Filteration :
 After rainwater is collected from a roof, it should be filtered before it is stored in a
tank.

 This is to ensure that it is kept in the best possible condition, to avoid degradation
of biological material, development of odours etc.

 The roof and gutters of a building are not a sterile environment – therefore
rainwater will pick up moss, dirt, leaves, bird faeces etc. on its way to the tank.

 It is therefore essential to install an adequate filtration system, and in some cases

additional treatment, to ensure that the stored rainwater can be used effectively
and safely
Sand Gravel Filter:
 These filters are made using bricks which
are then filled with three layers of
pebbles, gravel, and sand each that are
separated using a wire mesh.

 These are commonly used filters,

constructed by brick masonry and filleted
by pebbles, gravel, and sand as shown in
the figure.

 Each layer should be separated by wire

mesh.
Charcoal filter :
 These filters can be made on site using a drum

with three layers of gravel, sand and finally

charcoal that are separated using a wire mesh. The

charcoal in this filter also helps in absorbing any

foul odor if it is present

 GAC consists of charcoal that has been heated to a

very high temperature. Each granule is porous and

has a very large surface area (500m2 per gram).

As water passes through the charcoal, the granules

trap the molecules of pollutants and chemicals

that taint the water such as chlorine and volatile

organic compounds
Storage:
 It is used to store the water that is collected
from the roof through filter. For small scale
water storage plastic buckets, jerry cans, clay
or cement jars, ceramic jars, drums may be
used. For larger quantities of water, the
system will require a bigger tank with
cylindrical or rectangular or square in shape
constructed with Ferro cement or cement
rings or plain cement concrete or reinforced
cement concrete or brick or stone etc. The
storage tank is provided with a cover on the
top to avoid the contamination of water from
external sources. The storage tank is provided
with pipe fixtures at appropriate places to
draw the water to clean the tank & to dispose
of extra water.
Usage :
 Intermittent – in situations with one long rainy season when all water demands are met
by rainwater. During the dry season, water is collected from other sources.
 Occasional – water is stored for only a few days in a small container. This is suitable
when there is a uniform rainfall pattern with very few days without rain and when a
reliable alternative water source is available.
 Partial – rainwater is used throughout the year but the ‘harvest’ is not sufficient for all
domestic demands. For example, rainwater is used for drinking and cooking, while for
other domestic uses (e.g. bathing and laundry) water from other sources is used.
 Full – for the whole year, all water for all domestic purposes comes from rainwater. In
such cases, there is usually no alternative water source other than rainwater, and the
available water should be well managed, with enough storage to bridge the dry period.
ADVANTAGES :
 Rainwater harvesting technologies are simple to install and operate.
 Local people can be easily trained to implement such technologies,
and construction materials are also readily available.
 Running costs, also, are almost negligible.
 Water collected from roof catchments usually is of acceptable quality
for domestic purposes.
 Improves the quality and quantity of groundwater.
DISADVANTAGES :
 Regular Maintenance is required.

 Requires some technical skills for installation.

 Limited and no rainfall can limit the supply of Rainwater.

 If not installed correctly, it may attract mosquitoes and other

waterborne diseases.

 One of the significant drawbacks of the rainwater harvesting system

is storage limits
THANK YOU !