Organizational and Management Theories

Leadership Theories
 Outline
Management Theories:
Henry Fayol’s Administrative Management Theory, Mery Parker
Follett’s Organizational Management Theory, F. W. Tylor’s
Scientific Management Theory, Mex Weber’s Bureaucratic
Management Theory, Elton Mayo’s Human Relations Theory

•Influential Organization and Management Theories : Structural

contingency, resource dependence, institutional theory,
population ecology, and inter-organizational relationships
[ Contents to be Provided Separately]
Leadership:
Definition, Qualities and Characteristics, Leadership styles,
Behavioral and Situational Approach of Leadership Theory
Ohio Study, The Managerial Grid, Renisis Likert and Fiedler’s
Model of Leadership Theory.
Scholars of Management Theories
Woodrow Wilson ; Luther Gulic; Pfiffner, J.M.
Presthus, R.V.; Dweight Waldo; James W Fesler
Robert A Simon

Henry Fayol – Administrative Management theory

Mery Parker Follett – Organizational Management theory

F. W. Tylor – Scientific Management Theory

Wex Weber – Bureaucratic Administration

Elton Mayo - Human Relations Theory  

Elton Mayo and Fritz Roethlisberger-The Hawthorne studies were part of a

refocus on managerial strategy incorporating the socio-psychological aspects of
human behavior in organizations.

Marshall E. Dimock -_ Deflective organizational theory

Management Theories

• F. W. Tylor’s Scientific Management Theory

• Henry Fayol’s Administrative Management Theory

• Mery Parker Follett’s Organizational Management Theory

• Elton Mayo’s Human Relations Theory

• Mex Weber’s Bureaucratic Management Theory

F. W. Tylor’s Scientific Management Theory

• The Principles of Scientific Management is a

monograph published by Frederick Winslow
Taylor. This laid out Taylor's views on principles of
scientific management.
• Originally published: 1911

• Scientific management is a theory of management that analyzes

 and synthesizes workflows. Its main objective is improving 
economic efficiency, especially labor productivity.
Era of Scientific Management
• It was one of the earliest attempts 
to apply science to the engineering of 
processes and to management. 

• Taylor began the theory's development in the United States during

the 1880s and '90s within manufacturing industries, especially steel.

• Its peak of influence came in the 1910s; Taylor died in 1915 and by

the 1920s, scientific management was still influential but had
entered into competition and syncretism with opposing or
complementary ideas.
F W Taylor and Scientific Management
• Frederic Winslow Taylor started his career as a
mechanist in 1875. He studied engineering in
an evening college and rose to the position of
chief engineer.

• Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915) is called

the father of Scientific Management. His
experience from the bottom-most level in the
organization gave him an opportunity to know
at first the problems of the workers.

• Taylor’s principal concern was that of

increasing efficiency in production, not only to
lower costs and raise profits but also to make
possible increased pay for workers through
their higher productivity.
3 Basic Assumptions of Scientific
Management 
1. A good worker is not supposed to take initiative, but
is supposed to obey orders.

2. Application of scientific principles will improve

productivity.

3. The worker is an economic man and is motivated by

monetary incentives and rewards.
4 Basic Principles of Taylor’s Scientific Management

1. Replace rule-of-thumb work

methods with methods based on a
scientific study of the tasks.

2. Scientifically select, train, and

develop each worker rather than
passively leaving them to train
themselves.

3. Cooperate with the workers to

ensure that the scientifically
developed methods are being
followed.

4. Divide work nearly equally between

managers and workers, so that the
managers apply scientific management
principles to planning the work and
the workers actually perform the tasks.
Pay Based on Results
• Taylor concentrated more on productivity and productivity
based wages.

• He stressed on time and motion study and other techniques

for measuring work.

• He had an idealist’s notion that the interests of workers,

managers and owners should be harmonized.
Henry Fayol’s Administrative Management Theory
14 Principles of Administrative
Management by Henri Fayol
Mery Parker Follett’s Organizational Management Theory

• Mary Parker Follett (September 3, 1868 - December 18, 1933) was an

American social worker, management consultant, philosopher and
pioneer in the fields of organizational theory and organizational behavior.
Along with Lillian Gilbreth, she was one of two great women
management experts in the early days of classical management theory.
She has been called the "Mother of Modern Management".