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Semiconductor Devices

The first transistor (1947)


Definitions of vacuum energy Evac, electron
affinity c, ionization energy g and the
energy gap Eg

  Evac  EV Ionization Enrgy


  Evac  Ec Elecron Affinity
Eg  Ec  Ev Bandgap
Energy band diagrams for (a) an insulator, (b) a
semiconductor, and (c) a metal. The energies in
the shaded regions are in general occupied

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